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The Civil War (1861-1865)

The Civil War (1861-1865). Who’s In and Who’s Out?. Lincoln issued a call for troops in response to Fort Sumter’s surrender. Because of this, Tennessee, Arkansas, Virginia and North Carolina all joined the Confederacy.

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The Civil War (1861-1865)

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  1. The Civil War (1861-1865) Who’s In and Who’s Out? • Lincoln issued a call for troops in response to Fort Sumter’s surrender • Because of this, Tennessee, Arkansas, Virginia and North Carolina all joined the Confederacy • The Border States ofMissouri, Kentucky, Maryland and Delaware stayed with the Union (some more by force than choice)

  2. The Border States The Civil War (1861-1865) The Border States were Slave States but Lincoln needed them too much • Missouri andKentucky • Protected Union farmland to the North • They helped control the MS and OH Rivers • Maryland • w/o it, DC would be surrounded by the CSA • Delaware • Protects the ports of Philadelphia

  3. The Civil War (1861-1865) Here’s a tough question

  4. The Civil War (1861-1865) Why? Union or Confederacy? Who had the advantage in the War?

  5. The Civil War (1861-1865)

  6. Union Advantages The Union had larger population More troops means the Union can withstand more casualties and overcome poor military leadership The Union had more industry This means more weapons and ammunition Abraham Lincoln Like him or not, the Union couldn’t have won without his leadership.

  7. Confederate Advantages The CSA had a cause Much like our Revolution, the people were fighting to be free from an oppressive government Military Leadership The South had more trained officers and more trained troops who had just finished fighting against Mexican troops Plus, the CSA had “home field advantage”

  8. The Civil War (1861-1865) Union war plan – Anaconda Plan #1 Blockade the Confederate Coastline This keeps the troop movement slow and keeps the South from exporting cotton

  9. = =

  10. The Civil War (1861-1865) Union war plan #2 Control the Mississippi River This cuts off the “West” from the rest of the CSA

  11. The Civil War (1861-1865) Confederate war plan It was a simple one-part plan Fight a “defensive” war. Make it difficult enough for the Union to take them back, the Union would simply get tired of fighting and recognize the CSA as a new nation. Besides, they didn’t have the troop numbers to go on the “offensive.”

  12. The Civil War (1861-1865) Who were these two sides? The Confederates were broken into two major Armies • The Army of Tennessee • This was the combination of the Armies of Kentucky, Mississippi and Tennessee • was headed by a few different Generals • Fought mostly in the Western Campaigns • The Army of Northern Virginia • Eventually was headed by Robert E. Lee • Fought mostly in the Eastern Campaigns

  13. The Civil War (1861-1865) Who were these two sides? The Union was broken into two major Armies as well • The Army of the Tennessee • Fought in the Western Theater • Most notably headed by Generals Grant and Sherman • The Army of the Potomac • Lincoln’s main Army • Fought mostly in the Eastern Campaigns • Headed by a bunch of men - finally Grant

  14. The Civil War (1861-1865) Early Years (1861-1862)

  15. The Civil War (1861-1865) Early Years (1861-1862)

  16. Death Tolls

  17. Did You Know? Dog Tags came from the Civil War Because the death toll was so high, soldiers printed their names and addresses on handkerchiefs or paper, which they pinned to their clothing before going into battle.

  18. Civil War Firsts that you may not have known! According to The Civil War: Strange and Fascinating Facts by Burke Davis These things occurred for the first time during our Civil War Machine gun Steel Ships Submarine Snorkel breathing device Anti-aircraft fire Cigarette Tax Commissioned Army Chaplains Department of Justice (CSA) Electronically exploded bombs Flame Throwers Medal of Honor Naval Torpedoes Black US Army Officer (Major M.R. Delaney) Battle Photography Repeating Rifles “Taps” Income Tax US Secret Service Anesthesia for surgery NO, YOU DIDN’T KNOW THEM ALL!!!!

  19. Lincoln and his commanders George McClellan TOO SLOW Ambrose Burnside Guess what we got from him? Irvin McDowell Too Inexperienced Joe Hooker Not your most upstanding figure But there's more!

  20. George Meade He was the last real Commander of the Army of the Potomac Lincoln and his commanders And Finally in 1864 Ulysses S. Grant Commander of Federal Troops

  21. Abraham Lincoln The Great Emancipator • Early Views on Slavery • Remember that Lincoln and most Republicans were for a gradual end to slavery. • His main concern was with the Border States who still owned slaves. • As the war moved on, the North saw slavery as helping the Confederate cause.

  22. Abraham Lincoln The Great Emancipator • The Times They are a Changin’ • There was growing pressure from Free Blacks and Abolitionists in the North. • Lincoln also needs a way to keep England and France out of this war. • He also wanted the President to make a stand on slavery, not the Congress.

  23. Abraham Lincoln The Great Emancipator • The Emancipation Proclamation • After victory at Antietam, Lincoln announced his intention to free the slaves of the South. On January 1, 1863 he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, stating: “. . . all persons held as slaves within any state . . . in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.”

  24. Emancipation Proclamation What did it do? DID IT FREE THE SLAVES IN THE UNION? NO! The Border States kept their slaves because they weren’t “in rebellion.” DID IT FREE THE SLAVES IN THE SOUTH? NOT REALLY Remember, the CSA isn’t listening to Lincoln because they are “in rebellion” DUH

  25. Emancipation Proclamation What did it do? DID IT GIVE BLACKS AND SLAVES HOPE? YES, any slave who made it to Union controlled territory was set free and over 100,000 did just that. Furthermore, there were about 200,000 African Americans who served in the Union Armies and Navies.

  26. You may have seen this movie which is about the 54th Massachusetts A regiment that was All-Black (except the commanding officers) Many of them were killed leading a failed Union raid of Fort Wagner outside of Charleston, SC in 1863.

  27. Emancipation Proclamation What did it do? Slaves wouldn’t get freedom until much later In the 13th Amendment, slavery was ended, but that was in 1865. And yet, this may be Lincoln’s most brilliant maneuver in the Civil War? YOU BET! England and France couldn’t sell support of the CSA to their own people who were also against slavery.

  28. Without freeing a single slave, Abraham Lincoln had officially changed the Civil War into being about ending slavery.

  29. And they called him “Slick!”

  30. The Civil War (1861-1865) Things are going good for the Confederates, or are they? • Fredericksburg (December 1862) • The Confederates are outnumbered, but easily defeat Ambrose Burnside. He resigns after the loss. • Chancellorsville (May 1863) • Now, Lee takes on Joseph Hooker. The CSA wins, but Stonewall Jackson is wounded by his own men and dies a week later. BIG LOSS These help Lee feel he should invade the North – it may bring in Britain and France

  31. The Civil War (1861-1865) The Blue Years (1863-1865)

  32. The Civil War (1861-1865) The Blue Years (1863-1865)

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