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Sick buildings

Sick buildings. Diagnosis and treatment 7y790. MAC. The maximally allowed concentration (MAC) of a gaseous substance is that concentration in the air of a working environment that in general According to current knowledge; Even at repeated and long-term exposure;

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Sick buildings

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  1. Sick buildings Diagnosis and treatment 7y790 JEMH van Bronswijk TU/e

  2. MAC The maximally allowed concentration (MAC) of a gaseous substance is that concentration in the air of a working environment that in general • According to current knowledge; • Even at repeated and long-term exposure; • During the full working life; will not harm the health of workers nor that of their descendants [Nationale MAC-commissie 1978] MAC-TGG = tijdgewogen gemiddelde / time weighted mean MAC-C = peak concentration JEMH van Bronswijk TU/e

  3. Some general hygienic limits JEMH van Bronswijk TU/e

  4. Health damage & buildings • Sick building syndrome (SBS) = occupants experience acute health and comfort effects that are linked to time spent in a building; no specific illness or cause can be identified • Building related illness (BRI) = occupant shows symptoms of diagnosable illness that can be attributed directly to airborne building contaminants Source: Environmental Protection Agency USA: http://epa.gov/iaq/pubs/sbs.html JEMH van Bronswijk TU/e

  5. Sick Building Syndrome a collection of certain specific complaints and symptoms experienced by workers during or after a stay in certain building spaces Source: E Eyskens, L Feenstra, AE Meinders (eds) 1991. Codex Medicus. Elsevier, Amsterdam. ISBN 90-6228-183-4 JEMH van Bronswijk TU/e

  6. Sick Building Symptoms • Dry eyes • Dry throat • Headache • Dry skin • Mucous membrane irritation • Lethargy • Asthmatic symptoms JEMH van Bronswijk TU/e

  7. Additive effects Example: Pollution by a Laser printer C = Concentration in the Air; MAC = MAC value: Ozon: 0.1 ppm; Carbon monoxide: 25 ppm; airborne dust (stof) 0.05 mg / m3 air JEMH van Bronswijk TU/e

  8. A Sick Building • forms an environment that adheres to relevant standards but does not fully answer to the human need for: • - Absence ofPathogens • - Absence of other biotic, chemical or physicalPollutants • - ThermalComfort • LightingComfort • AcousticComfort • - SufficientSpace, Privacy, Peace and Quiet • Contactwith outdoors (view, sound, smell, air quality) • Source: PA Vroon 1991. Ziekmakende Gebouwen en de evolutie van de mens. • Bouwfysica 2(2):18-25; E Eyskens, L Feenstra, AE Meinders (eds) 1991. • Codex Medicus. Elsevier, Amsterdam. ISBN 90-6228-183-4 JEMH van Bronswijk TU/e

  9. A Healthy Building forms an environment that - Has a Low Risk for negative health effects - Makes Healthy Behaviour self-evident - Compensates for disease or infirmity present - Stimulates users to realise their ambitions - Leaves Users Master of the situation JEMH van Bronswijk TU/e

  10. Building Assessment Building-in-use method = repeated questionnaires JEMH van Bronswijk TU/e

  11. “General” measurements • Carbon dioxide • Carbon monoxide • Water vapour • Airborne dust • Pay attention to the following: • Peak values may be more important than averages • Measure continuously for 7-10 days • Measure outdoor and indoor concurrently • Combine physical values with a complaint diary JEMH van Bronswijk TU/e

  12. Building services design(also for dwellings) • Robust • Locus of control = user • Automated when desired by user • Sensors for CO, CO2, energy use, …. • Automated safety actions always with explanation to the users • Action options for the user JEMH van Bronswijk TU/e

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