1. Energy source for contraction • ATP • ADP + Creatine phosphate = ATP • ATP is constantly broken down and rebuilt

2. ATP = adenosine triphosphate • ADP= adenosine diphosphate

3. ATP produced by cellular respiration • occurs in the mitochondria (requires O2 and glucose) • 25% of energy formed is used • What happens to the rest? • Heat more muscle activity= more heat

4. Oxygen Debt • Oxygen is used to make ATP in cellular Resp. • Exerciserun out of O₂ = Lactic acid Fermentation • Lactic Acid Fermentation – muscle cramps

5. Muscle Fatigue • Muscle lose ability to contract after prolonged exercise or strain • Caused by lactic acid build up

6. Threshold Stimulus • Minimal strength required to cause a contraction  • Motor neuron releases enough acetylcholine to reach threshold All-or-None Response • Fibers do not contract partially, they either do or don't

7. Motor Unit  • The muscle fiber  +   the motor neuron  • Recruitment • more and more fibers contract as the intensity of the stimulus increases • Muscle Tone • Sustained contraction of individual fibers, even when muscle is at rest • Lost if motor nerve axons are cut

8. Hypertrophy  - muscles enlarge  (working out or certain disorders) • Atrophy - muscles become small and weak due to disuse

9. 1 2 8 7 3 6 4 5

10. Tendon • Muscle • Fasicle • Muscle fiber • Myofibril • Endomysium • Perimysium • Epimysium

11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

12. Muscle • Epimysium • Fasicle • Endomysium • Sarcolemma • Myfibirl • perimysium

13. Major Skeletal muscles • Names of muscles describe them • Ex: pectoralis major- large muscle in pectoral region • Ex: Deltoid- shaped like a delta or triangle

14. Muscle of Facial Expression • Enable communication of feelings • Epicranius – frontalis and occipitalis • Orbicularisoculi- around eye • Orbicularisoris- around mouth • Buccinator- cheek • Zygomaticus major- zygomatic arch • Zygomaticus minor- zygomatic arch • Platysma- chest upward over neck to face, frown

15. Muscle of Mastication Chewing movements • Masseter • Temporalis • Medial pterygoid • Lateral Pterygoid

16. Move Head and Vertebral Column • Sternocleidomastoid • Splenius capitis • Semispinaliscapitis

17. Back • Trapezius • Deltoid • Rhomboid major • Rhomboid minor • Levator scapulae • Teres Major • Teres Minor • Infraspinatus • Supraspinatus • Latissimusdorsi • http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/back/back.swf

18. Front • Trapezius • Sternocleidomastoid • Deltoid • Pectoralis minor • Pectoralis major • Serratus anterior • Rectus abdominis • Internal oblique • External oblique • http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/torso/torso.swf

19. Arm • Subscapularis • Triceps brachii • Biceps Brachii • Brachialis • Coracobrachialis Top • Extensor carpiulnaris • Extensor carpiradialisbrevis • Extensor carpiradialislongus • Extensor digitorum • Flexor carpiulanris http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/arms/top_arm.swf

20. Arm Bottom/Underneath • Biceps brachii • Brachioradialis • Brachialis • Pronatorteres • Flexor carpiradialis • Flexor carpiulnaris • Palmaris longus • http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/arms/bottom_arm.swf

21. Leg Muscles Front: • Sartorius • Rectus Femoris • Vastuslateralis • Vastusmedialis • Gracilis • Tensor fasciae latae • Tibialis anterior • Fibularislongus • Extensor digitorumlongus • http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/legs/front_legs.swf

22. Leg Muscles Back: • Gluteus maximus • Gluteus medius • Gracilis • Semimembranosus • Semitendinosus • Biceps femoris • Gastrocnemius • Soleus • http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/legs/back_legs.swf