1 / 31

Super Beams

n ’04 June 17, 2004 Paris. Super Beams. Future dream for 10~20years from now. Contents Introduction “Super beam” experiments Summary. Takashi Kobayashi IPNS, KEK. Decay Pipe. Focusing Devices. Proton Beam. Target. m. n m. p , K. Beam Dump. What is (Original) Super Beam?.

javan
Télécharger la présentation

Super Beams

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. n ’04 June 17, 2004 Paris Super Beams Future dream for 10~20years from now • Contents • Introduction • “Super beam” experiments • Summary Takashi Kobayashi IPNS, KEK

  2. Decay Pipe Focusing Devices Proton Beam Target m nm p,K Beam Dump What is (Original) Super Beam? Conventional neutrino beam with (Multi-)MW proton beam (nFact) • Pure nm beam (≳99%) • ne (≲1%) from pme chain and K decay(Ke3) • nm/nm can be switched by flipping polarity of focusing device Strongly motivated by high precision LBL n osc. exp.

  3. “Super Beam” Experiments (-) (-) Long baseline osc. experiments Classification by G.Feldman @SB WS@BNL • 1st phase experiments (Now) • Confirmation of atm. n results • K2K(1999~)/MINOS(2005~)/ICARUS/OPERA(2006~) • 2nd phase experiments (Now~10yrs) • Discovery of ne appearance • Designed & Optimized aft. SK atm n • ~MW beam w/ ~50kton detector • T2K-I (approved. 2009~)/NOnA (2009?~) / (C2GT) • 3rd phase experiments(10~20yrs?) • CP violation and mass hierarchy thru nmne app. • Typically Multi-MW beam & Mton detector • 2nd phase is critical step to go

  4. d-d, a-a for nmne appearance & CPV Main CP-odd Solar Matter Matter eff.: Sensitivity indep. from q13 (if no BG & no syst. err) # of signal ∝ sin2q13 (Stat err∝sinq13), CP-odd term ∝ sinq13

  5. CPV vs matter effect nmne osc. probability w/ CPV/matter 295km 730km @sin22q13=0.01 Smaller distance/lower energy  small matter effect Pure CPV & Less sensitivity on sign of Dm2 Combination of diff. E&L help to solve.

  6. Far Det. q Decay Pipe Horns Target En(GeV) En(GeV) Ep(GeV) High intensity narrow band beam-- Off-axis (OA) beam -- (ref.: BNL-E889 Proposal) nm flux Decay Kinematics 1 2 5 1/gp~q • Increase statistics @ osc. max. • Decrease background from HE tail

  7. Idea of C2GT (CNGS to Gulf of Taranto) F.Dydak et.al. nm Flux (m-2) • OA-CNGS • Movable underwater Cherenkov det. (r=150m), 2Mt fid vol, L=1,200~1,600km • ~5,000 nm CC/year • Disappearance & Appearance • sin22q13~0.008 @90% • Technology to be established (underwater, light collection, LE PID,…) ne 1 En (GeV)

  8. J-PARC (Tokai-mura) Kamioka T2K-II • (0.75MW)4MW 50GeV PS @ J-PARC • OA 2~3deg • Enpeak=0.5~0.8GeV • L=295km • Hyper Kamiokande • ~360k nm CC/yr • q13, CPV • Small matter effect OAB2.0deg OAB2.5deg OAB3.0deg

  9. N Pacific Ocean Neutrino Beam Line 3GeV PS 50GeV PS (0.75MW) Linac FD To SK J-PARC(Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) (formerly known as JHF) • Construction: 2001~2007 • 0.75MW 50GeV-PS • Possible upgrade to 4MW • Preliminary study done • Rep. rate x 2.5 • Double RF cavities (space OK) • Eliminate idling time in acc. cycle • Double # of circulating protons • “barrier bucket method” to avoid space charge limit • Issues • Achieve first goal (0.75MW) • Beam loss • Target,… (these apply also for other projects)

  10. J-PARC Tokai-village December, 2003 December, 2003

  11. Far Detector: Hyper-Kamiokande 2 detectors×48m × 50m ×250m, Total mass = 1 Mton

  12. Sensitivity for q13 sin22q13~0.018 (3s) sin22q13~0.006 (90%) 0.5xsin22q13 sin22q13 < 10-3 can be searched if syst err ~ few %

  13. nm: 2 years nm: 6.8 years n / n CC interaction spectrum for CPV meas. nm cross section difference NCC(/100MeV/22.5kt/year) nm Wrong sign BG (x10 nm case)

  14. Expected signal and BG (SK full sim) Very Preliminary nm:2yr, nm:6.8yr 4MW 0.54Mt sin22q13=0.02 Dm212=6.9x10-5eV2 Dm322=2.8x10-3eV2 q12=0.594 q23=p/4 q13=0.05 (sin22q13=0.01)

  15. Sensitivity for CPV in T2K-II 4MW, 540kt 2yr for nm 6~7yr for nm CHOOZ excluded sin22q13<0.12@Dm312~3x10-3eV2 Dm212=6.9x10-5eV2 Dm322=2.8x10-3eV2 q12=0.594 q23=p/4 stat+5%syst. stat+2%syst. (signal+BG) stat only stat+10%syst. no BG signal stat only T2K 3s discovery T2K-I 90% 3s CP sensitivity : |d|>20o for sin22q13>0.01 with 2% syst.

  16. Geneve 130km 40kt 400kt Italy Europe: SPLFrejus • 4MW 2.2GeV Superconducting Proton Linac (SPL) @ CERN • Low energy wide band (En~0.3GeV) • L=130km • Water Cherenkov 40 400kt (UNO) • ~18,000 nm CC/year/400kt • q13, CPV • Small matter effect • SPL in R&D, UNO in conceptual design

  17. Fluxes for SPL beam Low energy wide band beam Less NC p0 BG for ne search Mezzetto

  18. Sensitivity for CPV 150 d(deg) d d 0 -150 5 2 q13(deg) Q13 sin22q13=0.03

  19. (Ref: Diwan et al., PRD68, 012002, 2003) BNL Homestake 2540 km BNL-Homestake • 28GeV AGS upgrade to 1MW (2MW) cf current 0.1MW • Wide band beam (0.5~6GeV) • L=2,540km • Mton UNO (alternative option: Liq. Ar.) • ~13,000 nm CC/year/500kt • Cover higher osc. maxima Goals • ne appearance • Sign of Dm23 • CPV • q12, Dm12 Possible w/ only n run at certain parameter region

  20. Brookhaven AGS Upgrade • Direct injection of ~ 11014 protons via a 1.2 GeV sc linac extension • low beam loss at injection; high repetition rate possible • further upgrade to 1.5 GeV and 2  1014 protons per pulse possible (x 2) • 2.5 Hz AGS repetition rate • triple existing main magnet power supply and magnet current feeds • double rf power and accelerating gradient • further upgrade to 5 Hz possible (x 2)

  21. Highway tunnel Electronic crates Detector f≈70 m h =20 m Perlite insulation A. Rubbia Detector options: UNO (or Liq. Ar?) 440kton fiducial mass A.Rubbia ~100kton C.K.Jung

  22. Mass Hierarchy Resolution Diwan, Mar.2004 • w/ only n running, reversed hierarchy rejected >2.5s level • with w/ n/n running, then >10s

  23. Sensitivity on CPV Diwan, Mar.2004

  24. 8 GeV synchrotron option Original concept (May 2002, Fermilab-TM-2169) Large aparture (100x150mm) magnets LINAC 400MeV  600MeV MI cycle time 1.87s  1.53s  Net results : MI power of 1.9MW 8 GeV superconducting linac Recent study Direct injection 2MW @ 8GeV & 40~120GeV(MI) Future flexibility Issue: Cost? Fermilab Proton Driver (PD) Replace injector for Main Injector Increase MI power by x5~6 (2MW)  Improve MINOS & NOnA sensitivities

  25. Potential Flexibility of LINAC Neutrino “Super- Beams” SY-120 Fixed-Target NUMI Off- Axis X-RAY FEL LAB Anti- Proton 8 GeV 2 MW 8 GeV Linac To Homestake 120 GeV and 8 Gev Main Injector @2 MW ~ 700m Active Length Slow-Pulse Spallation Source & Neutrino Target Also includes upgrades to Main Injector for current and cycle B.Foster and D.Michael, BNL-APS SB WS Mar.04

  26. NOnA + PD : Mass hierarchy G.Feldman Jun.04

  27. Another possibility with PD A case study for future experiment with PD 2MW 8/120GeV PD “4MW” WB/OA to Homestake @1290km (or Henderson) En=0.5~3GeV Cover higher osc max 500kt WC or 100kt Liq.Ar ~50k nm CC/year/500kt Studies of physics potential started 120 GeV protaons Homestake 30 mR maximum off axis BNL ~4m 8 GeV protons Fermilab Henderson Mine ~200M D.Michael Mar.04@BNL FeHo (Fermilab-Homestake) Beam Line 1290km ~8m 5yrs

  28. Sensitivities with 500kt Water C Disappearance 5yrs running D.Michael May 04, FNAL d(Dm2)<1% d(sin22q)~4% (90%) Appearance 100kt Liq Ar could be better thanks to det. resolution Studies in progress.

  29. Summary of (“super-beam”) LBL experiments I II III Running, constructing or approved experiments

  30. “Graphical” Summary of experiments Dm2=2.5x10-3eV2 T2K-II BNL-Hs 10~20yrs FeHo NOnA+PD SPL-Frejus BNL-Hs (<5p) C2GT C2GT NOnA <10yrs T2K-I MINOS FeHo CNGS <5yrs NOnA K2K CNGS <30GeV MINOS osc. maxima T2K K2K SPL-Frejus 5 1 3 1.27xDm2(L/E) [p/2]

  31. Summary • Next generation “Super Beam” experiments will provide chances to clarify whole view of n mixing • q13 • CPV, sign of Dm2, .. • High precision measurements of parameters • Several experiments are under consideration • (Multi-)MW beam + Mton detector (or Liq.Ar) • Japan: 4MW 50GeV @ J-PARC  Mt Hyper-Kamiokande • Europe: 4MW 2.2GeV SPL  Mt UNO • US-BNL: 1(2)MW AGS  UNO(Liq.Ar)@~2500km • US-FNAL: 2MW PD/MI  NOnA/ UNO(liq.Ar)@~1300km • Future direction much depend on results from “2nd phase” experiments • T2K-I(2009~) and NOnA(if approved) • Let’s do experiments to know q13 (2nd phase) ASAP!!, • While keeping R&D efforts for future projects • (while reducing too many meeting!)

More Related