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Parts of the cell

Parts of the cell. Chapter 7.3. Prokaryotes (bacteria). Nucleoid - control center that does NOT have a membrane around it and holds the DNA Cytoplasm- the liquid “goo” that everything in the cell sits in Ribosomes - protein factories that build the proteins for the cell

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Parts of the cell

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  1. Parts of the cell Chapter 7.3

  2. Prokaryotes (bacteria) • Nucleoid- control center that does NOT have a membrane around it and holds the DNA • Cytoplasm- the liquid “goo” that everything in the cell sits in • Ribosomes- protein factories that build the proteins for the cell • Plasmid- packets of DNA that the bacteria can swap with other bacteria to make it more resistant to medicine • Cell membrane- regulates the transport of substances in and out of the cell • Cell wall- rigid outer structure that protects the cell and gives it structure • Capsule-slippery layer of the cell that keeps it from drying out and helps it slip away when phagocytes try to engulf it • Pili- help bacteria attach to surfaces • Flagella- whip like tail for movement

  3. Nucleus (control center) • The nucleus is located in the center of the cell • ___________________________________ • Is the control center(brain) of the cell • The nucleus is broken down into parts • Nucleolus-_________________________________________________ • _______________________membrane that covers the nucleus • ______________openings in the nuclear membrane that allow things in

  4. Ribosomes (protein factories) & ER • ____________________the little dots found in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum that make proteins for the cell • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): work with ribosomes to make proteins • __________________________________________________________ • The folds increase the surface area for cellular functions to take place • ____________________ER with ribosomes attached to the outside surface. • Makes it bumpy looking or rough • __________________________________________________________ • Smooth ER-ER with no ribosomes attached, responsible for making lipids Both package and deliver new proteins and lipids via vesicles to the Golgi apparatus.

  5. Golgi Apparatus (FED-EX) • Golgi Apparatus- __________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ • Looks like a stack of pancakes • Receives newly made proteins and lipids from the ER which it then modifies, repackages (in vesicles) and distributes to the rest of the cell • ____________(transporters)- membrane bound transporters that take proteins and other packages around the cell and out of the cell

  6. Vacuoles (containers) • Vacuoles(containers)- ________________________________________ • Common in plant cells (central vacuole), ____________________________ • Also found in single celled eukaryotes as a “contractile vacuole” which pumps excess water out of the cell. • Lysosomes(___________)- small membrane bound sacs that are filled with digestive enzymes and they wander around the cell dissolving nutrients in the cell or “lysing” ______________________________________________ • Centrioles- ___________________________________________________ Vacuoles can take up to 30% of a plant cell’s volume

  7. Pathway of particles • Ribosomes found on the rough ER make LOTS of proteins • ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ • The vesicle dumps the protein off at the Golgi Apparatus and dissolves into the Golgi’s membrane • The proteins get repackaged by the __________________________ __________________________________________and some products get stored in the vacuole

  8. Enough about transport, how do cells get their energy????Chloroplasts & Mitochondria (POWERHOUSES) • Chloroplasts-________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ • The stacks of green discs are the actual structures that produce the all of the energy through photosynthesis • ________________chili bean looking structures that produce energy for plant and animal cells • Makes ATP (packets of energy) for the cell to use • Site of ____________________

  9. Skeleton & Movement • Cytoskeleton- ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ • Like the steel beams of a building that give it strength • ________________rigid straight tubes that act as structural support • ______________thin protein thread/webs that help give cells shape • Flagella-_________________________________________________ • Cilia-___________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

  10. Outer Barrier • Plasma membrane- ___________________________________ ____________________________________________________ • ________rigid outer most layer of plant cells made of cellulose, provides structure for the plant

  11. Working together • All of the organelles in the cell have very different jobs but they all work together to make the cell function properly.

  12. Animal Cells vs Plant Cells

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