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The Rise of Andrew Jackson

This article discusses the election results of 1828, Jackson's presidency, his policies and methods, including the Indian Removal Act and the Nullification Crisis.

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The Rise of Andrew Jackson

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  1. The Rise of Andrew Jackson • Results of Election • Adams _______ Electoral Votes __________ Popular Votes • Jackson ________ Electoral Votes __________ Popular Votes 83 508,064 178 647,676

  2. Results of the 1828 Presidential Election

  3. The Rise of Andrew Jackson • John C. Calhoun becomes Jackson’s Vice President. • Martin Van Buren becomes Jackson’s Secretary of State. • Corrupt Bargains???

  4. U.S. History Chapter 10-3 Notes The Age of Jackson 1824---1845 Jackson’s Presidency

  5. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • Jackson saw himself as • “The Champion of the Common People”. • “Jacksonian” democracy, like “Jeffersonian” democracy, was designed to benefit the common people.

  6. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • Jackson’s Methods • Perfected the “spoils” system. • Definition: • rewarding political supporters with government jobs. • Jackson was not the first to use it.

  7. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • Often used a “kitchen” Cabinet • Definition: a group of informal advisors. (Friends!) • Examples: • Amos Kendall • Francis Blair • Both were newspaper editors and had a gift for communicating Jackson’s ideas & plans to the public.

  8. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • Used Presidential powers as needed. • Used the veto 12 times. • Previous six Presidents used it only 10 times. • Used the U.S. army twice • Used it once for Indian Removal. • Threatened to use it on another occasion---the Nullification Crisis.

  9. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • Problems & Policies of the Jackson Administration • Indian Removal • 1830: Congress passed the Indian Removal Act • All Indians were to be moved west of the Mississippi River. • Davy Crockett opposed Jackson on this issue.

  10. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • 1832 & 1833 • Choctaw and Creek Indians move west peacefully. • 1832 • Sauk & Fox resist the move in Illinois. • Chief Black Hawk attempts to remain in Illinois.

  11. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • Eventually the U.S. Army & the Illinois militia capture or kill all Indians east of the Mississippi. • Abraham Lincoln gets his first and only war experience. • However, he never saw any Indians!

  12. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • 1832---1838 U.S. government attempts to move the Cherokee. • Cherokee sue the government to keep their lands. • “Worcester vs. Georgia” 1832 • U.S. Supreme Court and John Marshall supports the Indian claim to the land.

  13. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • Jackson ignores the Court and uses the army to force the Indians to move. • “Mr. Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it.” Jackson • 1837---1838 • “The Trail of Tears”. • Cherokee Indians are forced to move west. • About 4,000 die along the way.

  14. The Trail of TearsPainted by Robert Lindneux 1942

  15. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • 1832---1842 The Seminole War • Chief Osceola leads resistance. • Later captured under a flag of truce and is imprisoned at St. Augustine, FL. • War cost $50,000,000---most costly U.S. war up to that time.

  16. Chief Osceola of the Seminole Indians

  17. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • The Nullification Crisis 1829---1833 • Crisis began with the debate over the Tariff of 1828. • Southern Congressmen opposed it and wanted it repealed.

  18. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • “Exposition & Protest”--- • A paper written by John C. Calhoun to protest the tariff. • Argued that states could nullify any Federal laws they opposed. • New laws passed by the U.S. Congress had to have the approval of the state legislatures. • States Rights Theory

  19. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • Hayne---Webster Senate Debate 1830. • Daniel Webster’s defense of the Union gave him a national reputation.

  20. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • April 13, 1830: • Andrew Jackson takes his stand against nullification and against Vice President Calhoun. • 1832: Congress votes to reduce the tariff. • Nov. 1832: South Carolina votes to nullify the tariff.

  21. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • Jan. 1833: Jackson urges Congress to pass the Force Bill that would allow the President to use the U.S. Army to enforce Federal laws. • The country was on the verge of Civil War.

  22. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • March 1833: Henry Clay works out a compromise. • South Carolina repealed its Nullification Act. • Congress promised to reduce the tariff over the next ten years.

  23. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • The U.S. Bank War of 1832 • The Problem: (as Jackson saw it) • The U.S. Bank did not provide loans to the common people. • It was a tool of the rich.

  24. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • 2nd Problem: • Jackson suspected that the U.S. Bank had given illegal financial aid to John Q. Adams in the 1828 Election.

  25. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • Nicholas Biddle, President of the U.S. Bank tried to recharter the Bank in 1832---4 years ahead of schedule. • Henry Clay wanted to make the Bank the main issue in the 1832 Presidential Election.

  26. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • Jackson vetoed the Bank Bill. • Jackson then removed all government money from the Bank and placed it in various state banks (privately owned banks). • “Pet Banks”

  27. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • Results of 1832 Election • Jackson _____ Electoral Votes ___________ Popular Votes • Clay ______ Electoral Votes _____________ Popular Votes 219 687,000 49 530,000

  28. The Election of 1832

  29. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • Long term effects of the Bank War: • U.S. Bank had provided economic stability. • It regulated the amount of paper money in circulation and helped control speculation. • “Pet Banks” could not do that.

  30. Jackson’s Presidency1829---1837 • Collapse of U.S. Bank in 1836 led to the Depression of 1837. • Paper money lost value. • Who would get blamed for the Depression? Martin Van Buren! Would set up an Independent Treasury Dept.

  31. The Whig Party • The Whig Party • Formed in 1834 in opposition to “King Andrew”. • Name was taken from the English Whig party that opposed royal authority. • Most support came from the upper classes and the upper middle class.

  32. The Whig Party • 1836 Presidential Election: • Whigs considered running Davy Crockett---a frontier hero. • Ended up with three candidates--- • Hoped to split the Electoral vote so badly the House of Representatives would have to decide the election.

  33. The Election of 1836 Popular Votes Electoral (142 to win) Martin Van Buren (15) ___________ ________ William H. Harrison (7) ___________ ________ Daniel Webster (1) ___________ ________ Hugh White (2) ___________ ________ 764,176 170 550,816 73 41,201 14 146,107 26

  34. The Whig Party • Election of 1840 • Whigs run William H. Harrison, a frontier hero like Jackson, and win. Popular Vote Electoral (147 to win) Martin Van Buren ____________ _______ William H. Harrison ____________ _______ 1,128,854 60 1,275,390 234 “Tippecanoe & Tyler Too!”

  35. The Election of 1840

  36. William Henry Harrison“Ole Tippecanoe”

  37. April 12, 1861: The Bombardment of Fort Sumter, Charleston, S.C.

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