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Severe Weather

Learn about how hurricanes form over warm ocean waters, their devastating impact on land, and a case study on Hurricane Matthew, a Category 5 storm that caused catastrophic damage in 2016. Explore the Saffir-Simpson scale and the effects of severe tropical storms.

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Severe Weather

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  1. 14.0 Severe Weather

  2. 14.1 What is Severe Weather? Severe weather is a weather event that is significantly different from the usual weather an area experiences.

  3. 14.2 Tropical Storms Tropical storms are huge storms that develop in the Tropics. In the USA and the Caribbean they are called hurricanes. In Australia and southeast Asia they are known as cyclones. In Japan they are called typhoons.

  4. 14.2 Tropical Storms How do Hurricanes Form? Hurricanes form over warm ocean water found in the Tropics. Warm moist air rises. As it rises it cools and condenses (gas changes to a liquid). As the air condenses it releases heat, which powers the storm. More water is drawn upwards from the ocean.

  5. 14.2 Tropical Storms How do Hurricanes form? When wind speed reaches 120 km per hour, the storm is officially labelled a tropical storm. The storm develops an ‘eye’ in its middle (an area of calm weather). The storm is carried across the ocean by winds, getting stronger as it goes. Several thunderstorms join together.

  6. 14.2 Tropical Storms How do hurricanes form? When it reaches land, friction with the land’s surface can weaken it.

  7. 14.3 Tropical Storms Hurricane categories Hurricanes are measured using a scale called the Saffir-Simpson scale. The scale estimates potential damage.

  8. 14.3 Tropical Storms Case Study: Hurricane Matthew, 2016 Hurricane Matthew was a Category 5 hurricane. Catastrophic damage in Haiti, Cuba and the Dominican Republic. 586 people lost their lives.

  9. 14.3 Tropical Storms Case Study: Hurricane Matthew, 2016 In Haiti, damage caused estimated at $1.9 billion. In the US, the cost of Matthew’s damage was recorded at over $10 billion. Thousands of flights cancelled; businesses, schools and colleges had to close. 586 deaths in Haiti and 128 missing, 47 deaths in the US. Cholera outbreak in Haiti due to contaminated drinking water. Destruction of crops in Haiti leading to food shortages. 200,000 homes destroyed in Haiti.

  10. Video: Climate Change by Numbers – Tropics

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