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Diseases Associated with Adolescence

Explore conditions like kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, osteomyelitis, JRA, eating disorders, skin disorders, infections, and diseases impacting sexual development during adolescence. Understand the pathophysiology, etiology, and management of these health issues.

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Diseases Associated with Adolescence

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  1. Diseases Associated with Adolescence Pathophysiology

  2. Musculoskeletal Abnormalities • Kyphosis – hunchback • Etiol = osteoporosis, TB, posture • Lordosis – swayback • Etiol = obesity, posture • Scoliosis – lateral curvature • Etiol = genetic, idiopathic (f >m), congenital (from developmental defects)

  3. Osteomyelitis • Common from trauma (especially to young males) • Freq site = metaphysis of femur & tibia • Etiol = pathogen (staph aureus) • Serious illness • Needs aggressive management

  4. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) • Marked onset with primarily large joints • Incidence = 1:1000 children • 5% of cases of RA are in children • Etiol = autoimmune • Prognosis = positive (50% remission) • Clinically • Large joints • Chronic uveitis • Rheumatoid nodules not only in subcutaneous skin layer but in organs • Subluxation and ankylosis of cervical spine

  5. Eating Disorders • Anorexia nervosa • Primarily females • Smart, over-achievers • Exercise “freaks” • Element of secondary gain • Etiol--- ? hypothalamic dysfunction • Fear of eating • Get forced vomiting • Get forced bm’s • Get symptoms of severe malnutrition • Bulimia nervosa • Binge eating followed by purging • Usually patients maintain normal weight • Problems • Teeth enamel • Esophagitis

  6. Skin Disorders • Acne vulgaris • Commonest skin disease • Increased activity of sebaceous glands with viscous sebum • Get comedomes (whiteheads & blackheads) • Get pimples (folliculitis) • These rupture & get bacterial invasion withpustules

  7. Infections • Infectious mononucleosis • Etiol = Epstein- Barr virus (EBV) • Part of herpes family • Transmitted by: • Saliva thus “kissing disease” • Airborne droplets • Blood • Goes to lymphoid tissue & targets b-lymphocytes • Normal B cells produce antibodies • Get massive increase in killer T’s (CD8) to clean up the mess • Some become abnormal (larger)

  8. Diseases Affecting Sexual Development • Chromosomal disorders • Klinefelter’s syndrome • Males with XXY • Dx = atrophic testicles at puberty • Turner’s syndrome • Females with only 45 chromosomes (XO) • One missing X chromosome • No secondary sex characteristics develop

  9. Testicular tumors • Malignancy in teenagers • Usually unilateral • Menstrual abnormalities • Amenorrhea • Dysmenorrhea

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