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Justinian, Muhammad, and the Rise of Islam: The Interplay of East and West

This study explores the pivotal roles of Justinian and Muhammad in shaping the Eastern world during their eras. Justinian, an all-powerful Byzantine emperor, sought to restore the Roman Empire through territorial re-conquests, the formulation of the Justinian Code, and the establishment of Orthodox Christianity, epitomized by the Hagia Sophia. In contrast, Muhammad's rise and the spread of Islam transformed Arabian society, uniting tribes under the umma, with the adoption of key Islamic tenets. Together, their legacies facilitated cultural and philosophical prosperity, bridging East and West.

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Justinian, Muhammad, and the Rise of Islam: The Interplay of East and West

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  1. Justinian, muhammad, and the East Week Seven

  2. graph/gram = write photograph autograph phonograph

  3. tele = far telescope telephone television

  4. Justinian, muhammad, and the East Week Seven

  5. I. The Great Mosque of Damascus

  6. II. The Byzantines A. Justinian and the Creation of the Byzantine State • An all-powerful emperor tries to bring it back together • Re-conquest of territory • Justinian Code • Problem of high taxes Justinian Code

  7. The Byzantine Empire under Justinian

  8. The Byzantine Empire in 814

  9. II. The Byzantines B. Orthodox Christianity • Liturgy • Icons • Hagia Sophia • Conversion of the Slavs • Bulwark of Christian Europe Hagia Sophia

  10. Eastern Orthodox chant

  11. phone = sound megaphone symphony telephone

  12. milli = thousand millipede mile millimeter

  13. III. Muhammad and the Rise of Islam A. Arabia before the Prophet • Bedouin nomads: clan survival and the feud • Tribal religion: polytheism and sanctuaries

  14. III. Muhammad and the Rise of Islam B. Muhammad the Prophet • Born in 570 into the Quraysh around the Arabian city of Mecca • Merchant • Prophet

  15. III. Muhammad and the Rise of Islam C. Tenets of Islam • Teachings in the Qur’an • Five Pillars: Faith, prayer, alms-giving, fasting, pilgrimage • Other practices: no alcohol, only limited polygamy, jihad

  16. dece = ten decagon decathlon decapede

  17. sci= know conscience omniscient science

  18. III. Muhammad and the Rise of Islam D. Triumph of Islam • Early opposition • Medina: the uniting of Arabs into a new religious community, the umma • Expansion: jihad against infidels • Attraction: economic incentives and the afterlife Emigration to Medina

  19. III. Muhammad and the Rise of Islam E. After Muhammad • Death and succession • Division • Sunni • Shia • Expansion to Constantinople, China, Spain, and Africa

  20. The Spread of Islam

  21. III. Muhammad and the Rise of Islam F. Pax Arabica 1. Commercial prosperity 2. Cultural prosperity • Philosophy—IbnRushd • Medicine—IbnSina • Mathematics • Architecture—Alhambra IbnRushd

  22. Alhambra in Granada, Spain

  23. Alhambra

  24. Epilogue • Shared traits of East and West • Internal divisions

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