Roanoke Island, Jamestown & Plymouth Rock

1. Roanoke Island, Jamestown & Plymouth Rock

2. Roanoke Island (Lost Colony) • Sir Walter Raleigh asked Queen Elizabeth of England if he could lead a group of people to begin a colony in the North America. • Queen Elizabeth gave Raleigh a charter (a document that allowed colonists to live on land owned by their country.) Picture Credit: http://www.huvard.com/becka/raleigh/welcome.html

3. Roanoke Island (1st Time) • In 1585, the first English people tried to begin a colony. • This became the 1st English colony in the USA. • It failed due to hunger and bad relations with the Native Americans. • All but 15 men went back to England on a ship.

4. Roanoke Island (2nd Time) • In 1587, Raleigh sent colonists a second time. • The 15 men that had stayed behind the 1st time had been killed by then. • John White was the colony’s governor. • This time, the colonist brought their wives and children. • John White’s granddaughter, Virginia Dare was born 1 month after they arrived in the USA on August 18 the first English baby born in the USA. Picture Credit: http://search.eb.com/women/articles/Dare_Virginia.html

5. Connection Question: Roanoke was settled the 2nd time in 1587 in another attempt to establish a permanent English Settlement. Thinking back to the movie from Yesterday, what was going on in Europe in 1587? What happened the following year (1588)? • English Reformation; A great deal of religious fighting. • 1588 was the Spanish Armada. England had its hands full fighting the Spanish, and couldn’t sail many ships across the sea due to the battles at home.

6. Spanish Armada • In 1588, King Philip II decided to attack England. • The English defeated the all powerful Spanish Armada because they had quicker ships and a violent storm helped destroy the Spanish ships. Picture Credit: http://www.nmm.ac.uk/adventure/games/armada/page2.htm#

7. The Lost Colony • John White returned in August 1590 to find no colonists on Roanoke Island. • On one of the trees was written CROATOAN. • Croatoan was the name of an island nearby as well as the name of the Native Americans living in the area. Picture Credit: http://www.outer-banks.com/lost.cfm

8. Jamestown Colony • In 1606, King James I gave permission to the Virginia Company of London to try a colony. • Christopher Newport led the three ships, Susan Constant, Godspeed and Discovery to Jamestown. Picture Credit: http://www.bchs.k12.va.us/Technology%20Class/powerpoint/jamestown.ppt

9. Jamestown • On May 14, 1607, the settlers began building the first English permanent settlement on the James River in Virginia. • Jamestown was named after the King James I and Virginia was named after the Virgin Queen of England. • Click Here to see a Virtual tour of Jamestown Picture Credit: www.cbc.cc.tx.us/acdem/social/hist1301/Hist1301-2anarr.ppt

10. Reasons for Jamestown Difficulties • Not educated in how to plant food in Virginia. • Little knowledge of Virginia landscape. • Not enough people in the Jamestown settlement especially hard working people. • Native American Battles

11. The House of Burgesses • After his arrival in Jamestown in 1619, Governor George Yeardley immediately gave notice that the Virginia colony would establish a legislative assembly. This assembly, the House of Burgesses, first met on July 30, 1619. Virginia document

12. The House of Burgesses, the first legislative assembly in the American colonies, held its first meeting in the choir at Jamestown Church in the summer of 1619. Its first order of business: setting a minimum price for the sale of tobacco. The House of Burgesses Jamestown Church Burgesses were elected representatives. Only white men who owned a specific amount of property were eligible to vote for Burgesses.

13. The English kings who ruled the 13 original colonies reserved the right to decide the fate of their colonies as well, but not alone. The colonists drew upon their claims to traditional English rights and insisted on raising their own representative assemblies. Such was the case with the VIRGINIA HOUSE OF BURGESSES, the first popularly elected legislature in the New World. VIRGINIA HOUSE OF BURGESSES

14. Pilgrims vs. Puritans. • What is the difference between the two? Is there a difference? • http://www.history.com/shows/how-the-states-got-their-shapes/videos/puritans-vs-pilgrims • Pilgrims were looking to start a Church separate from the Church of England, whereas Puritans wanted to “purify” the Church of England. These were all Protestant in theology, so very similar…and they got along well for the most part.

15. John Smith • John Smith was the leader of the colony. • Pocahontas legend? Eh, not so much. • Smith was sent to colony to take lead of colony; original colonists were not farmers and were not interested in that type of hard work Picture Credit: http://www.apva.org/history/jsmith.html

16. John Smith (continued) • Created new rules in colony: “Work not, eat not.” • Raided Native tribes for food when hunting became difficult • Returned to England after being injured in 1609 Picture Credit: http://www.apva.org/history/jsmith.html

17. Starving Times (1609-1610) • John Smith returned to England after being injured. • Due to several raids against the Natives, they were less than happy about the English. • Powhatan cut off support. • More colonists came from England, and learned to grow a cash crop that could make the colony money: • TOBACCO

18. John Rolfe • John Rolfe in 1614 found a way to harvest Spanish tobacco (sweeter and more nicotine than others) • This quickly became the cash crop of Virginia. • He also married Pocahontas in 1614 and thus created peace with the Powhatan Native Americans for 8 years. Picture Credit: http://www.geocities.com/apembert45/FamAmer/Pocahontas.html