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Renewable Integration in Isolated Diesel Grids: Hybrid-Diesel Power Generation Insights

This study by Dr. Marc Mueller-Stoffels explores the challenges and opportunities in integrating renewable energy sources into isolated diesel grids, particularly in rural Alaska. It discusses the cost dynamics of diesel power versus renewable options, highlighting the critical importance of operational reliability and quality of power. The paper emphasizes the hybrid grid control mechanisms necessary to optimize renewable use and manage demand variability. With affordable energy storage and effective load management, transitioning to renewable energy could significantly reduce reliance on diesel fuel while maintaining energy quality.

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Renewable Integration in Isolated Diesel Grids: Hybrid-Diesel Power Generation Insights

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  1. Marc Mueller-Stoffels, PhD Isolated Diesel Grids –Renewable Integration

  2. Hybrid-Diesel Power Generation • Diesel-only cost: between 0.35 and 1+ $/kWh • Wind in rural AK • Average $10,700/kW • Large, commercial wind farms: < $3000/kW • PV in rural AK • We don’t really know the cost yet • Target: $5000/kW – makes it commercially viable in many places (@ avoided fuel cost) • Note • Diesel generators: (relatively) low initial investment, but then… • RE sources: high initial investment, but then…

  3. Customer Requirements • Rural AK sees large variability in demand • Mostly high winter loads • But, in some places, industry drives high summer demand • Power has to be of decent quality • Outages are always unacceptable • Especially at 50 below

  4. Diesel Powerhouse • Generally: • Provides prime power (forms the grid, i.e., one diesel is always on) • Provides electricity AND heat • Diesels have sweet spot, outside this, efficiency suffers • Usually pretty well ‘dialed-in’ • 100+ years of operation • Cost break-down • Fuel cost • Cost of operation • Investment

  5. Integration of RE – Basic Rules • Operational envelope of diesel generators • Never under-load diesels (20 to 40%) • Do not risk overload (>110%) [keep spinning reserve] • Sudden large load swings should be avoided • Without control of RE resource • Only small amounts of RE power can be allowed • Example: distributed PV can quickly become detrimental

  6. Hybrid-Grid Control : Source Management • Curtail RE source to remain in operational envelope • Spinning reserve: • Largest sudden load rise, or amount of RE on grid, which ever is bigger

  7. Hybrid-Grid Control: Load Management • Loads that are controlled by the utility do not require spinning reserve • Examples: Pumps, electric heaters, cooling equipment • Allows operation with less or smaller diesel generators • Maximizes RE power use

  8. Diesel-off -- Game Changer? • Affordable Energy Storage • < 0.10 $/kWh • Need to replace diesel by power-electronics as prime mover • Diesel-off mode • Additional 30% fuel savings • Reduced O&M cost • Permanent diesel-off – cheaper diesel packages

  9. And the value of RE power? • Displaced Fuel • Not a linear function, but direct savings • Reduced O&Mon diesels • ‘Small’ maintenance can be scheduled based on gallons of fuel used • Hedging • Volatile fossil fuel prices are a direct risk • RE power can hedge against variation (usually fixed cost)

  10. Marc Mueller-Stoffels, PhD Research Assistant Professor Alaska Center for Energy and Power University of Alaska Fairbanks mmuellerstoffels@alaska.edu Questions?

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