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The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle. By Miss Witkowski. Types of Rocks. Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary. Cycle as a Whole. Igneous Rocks. “Fire Rocks”. How They formed. Formed from the crystallization of magma Magma - Molten rock below the Earth’s surface Lava - Molten rock on the Earth’s surface

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The Rock Cycle

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  1. The Rock Cycle By Miss Witkowski

  2. Types of Rocks Igneous MetamorphicSedimentary Cycle as a Whole

  3. IgneousRocks “Fire Rocks”

  4. How They formed • Formed from the crystallization of magma • Magma- Molten rock below the Earth’s surface • Lava- Molten rock on the Earth’s surface • What causes magma to move towards the Earth’s surface? • Magma is less dense than the surrounding solid rock.

  5. Where does this heat come from? • The heat that melts rocks to magma comes from heat left over from the formation of the planet, or radioactive decay of elements.

  6. Two basic types: Intrusive igneous rocks- Rocks that solidify below Earth's surface, allowing slow cooling. The atoms have time to “grow”, resulting in large clumps of crystals (coarse-grained) Extrusive igneous rocks- Rocks that solidify at the Earth's surface, causing rapid cooling, resulting in smaller crystals (fine grained)

  7. Magma The most abundant compound found in magma is silica (SiO2) Felsic- Rocks with a high silica content Mafic- Rocks with a low silica content

  8. Magma Formation Affected by: • Temperature- increases with depth • Pressure- increases with depth • Increase of pressure= increase of MP • Water Content- As it increases, MP decreases • Mineral Content- Different minerals have different melting points and need different conditions to melt

  9. How Rocks melt • Partial Melting • Process whereby some minerals melt at low temperatures while others remain solid • As minerals melt, different elements are added to the liquid magma • This is why we get different rocks • Fractional Crystallization • Cools in reverse order of partial melting • 1st to crystallize are last to melt • Elements are removed from magma

  10. Examples Intrusive Extrusive Gabbro Pumice Diorite Obsidian Granite pegmatite Rhyolite Basalt Go Back

  11. Meta- Change • Morphe- Form Metamorphic

  12. How They Formed: When high temperature and pressure combine to alter the texture, mineralogy or chemical composition of a rock without melting itThe heat comes from being buried deep below the Earth's surface.The pressure comes from pressure from the rocks above or compression during mountain building

  13. Regional • High Temp and Pressure that affects large regions Contact • When molten rocks come in contact with solid rock • High Temp/ Moderate to low pressure Types of Metamorphism

  14. Hydrothermal • When very hot water reacts with rock and alters its chemistry and mineralogy • Common around igneous intrusions and active volcanoes Types Continued…

  15. Classification: Foliated Rocks- Mineral grains line up to form parallel layers. A layered or banded appearance that is produced by exposure to heat and directed pressure. 2) Non-foliated Rocks- Grains don’t line up to form parallel layers. This results in sporadic, random crystal clumps or folds.

  16. Examples: Non-foliated Foliated Gneiss Phyllite Marble Slate Quartzite Schist Go Back

  17. SedimentaryRocks

  18. How They Formed: • Accumulation of sediments- loose materials (rock fragments, mineral grains, bits of shell) • Stages: 1. Weathering • Chemically Weathered- becomes a new substance (iron becomes rust) • Physically Weathered- broken down (same substance, different shape or size)

  19. Stages Continued… 2. Erosion- removal and movement of surface materials from one location to another • By wind, water, ice or gravity 3. Deposition- occurs when transportation stops • Largest particles settle first, Why??? • Glaciers don’t sort particles by size

  20. Stages Continued… 3. Compaction- squeezing together of sediments under pressure. 4. Cementation- Gluing together of sediments to form rocks. Lithification- the physical and chemical processes that transform sediments to rocks Lithification

  21. Classification: There are three basic types of sedimentary rocks: 1) Clastic- Formed from mechanical weathering debris. 2) Chemical- Form when dissolved materials precipitate from solution. 3) Organic- Form from the accumulation of plant or animal debris.

  22. Clastic Breccia Chemical Examples: Rock Salt Organic Chalk Limestone Coal Go Back

  23. Connect Them All Together Click here for a video connecting the cycle together Start OverEnd

  24. Work Cited • http://www.flickr.com/photos/castorgirl/4941518620/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/shutterstone/5415972564/sizes/m/in/photostream/ • http://geology.com/rocks/igneous-rocks.shtml • http://www.flickr.com/photos/shutterstone/5415347989/sizes/m/in/photostream/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/shutterstone/5415967404/sizes/m/in/photostream/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/shutterstone/5415363367/sizes/m/in/photostream/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/shutterstone/5415358445/sizes/m/in/photostream/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/smiling_da_vinci/3760900/sizes/m/in/photostream/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/shutterstone/5415982988/sizes/m/in/photostream/ • http://geology.com/rocks/metamorphic-rocks.shtml • http://www.flickr.com/photos/matthewvenn/366986755/sizes/m/in/photostream/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/14508691@N08/4817353859/sizes/m/in/photostream/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/shutterstone/5415398387/sizes/m/in/photostream/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/nagicincy/5560110353/sizes/m/in/photostream/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/katrinaebowman/4711751079/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/shutterstone/5415397727/sizes/m/in/photostream/ • http://geology.com/rocks/sedimentary-rocks.shtml • http://www.flickr.com/photos/shutterstone/5415360399/sizes/m/in/photostream/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/shutterstone/5415729229/sizes/m/in/photostream/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/benimoto/424652552/sizes/m/in/photostream/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/red_clover/418516824/sizes/m/in/photostream/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/udgeology/2315268339/sizes/m/in/photostream/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/jsteubeillustrator/3821782768/sizes/m/in/photostream/ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3yJArifULo End Show

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