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The Hypothalamus

The Hypothalamus. Medical Neuroscience Dr. Wiegand. Neural Influences. Hormonal Influences. Autonomic Nervous System. Endocrine System. Limbic System. The Hypothalamus. Functions of the Hypothalamus. Autonomic nervous system regulation Hormone production Endocrine regulation

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The Hypothalamus

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  1. The Hypothalamus Medical Neuroscience Dr. Wiegand

  2. Neural Influences Hormonal Influences Autonomic Nervous System Endocrine System Limbic System The Hypothalamus

  3. Functions of the Hypothalamus • Autonomic nervous system regulation • Hormone production • Endocrine regulation • Circadian rhythm regulation • Limbic system interaction • Various • Temperature regulation • Feeding

  4. The Diencephalon

  5. thalamus Epithalamus (Pineal & Habenula) hypothalamus Optic chiasm pituitary Mammillary body subthalamus The Diencephalon fornix

  6. Pituitary

  7. 3rd ventricle Divisions of the Hypothalamus

  8. Divisions of the Hypothalamus periventricular medial lateral

  9. Divisions of the Hypothalamus

  10. Divisions of the Hypothalamus

  11. Tuberoinfundibular tract Hypothalamic-Hypophysial Portal System Hypothalamohypophysial tract

  12. Autonomic nervous system regulation Hormone production Endocrine regulation Circadian rhythm regulation Limbic system interaction Various Temperature regulation Feeding Anterior area influences PSNS through projections to brainstem PSNS nuclei Posterior area influences SNS through projections to the lateral gray horn Functions of the Hypothalamus

  13. Autonomic nervous system regulation Hormone production Endocrine regulation Circadian rhythm regulation Limbic system interaction Various Temperature regulation Feeding Magnocellular regions of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei produce oxytocin and vassopressin (ADH) Transported via axonal transport systems (hypothalamohypophysial tract) to neurohypophysis Released in circulation Damage to supraoptic n.  diabetes insipidus Functions of the Hypothalamus

  14. Autonomic nervous system regulation Hormone production Endocrine regulation Circadian rhythm regulation Limbic system interaction Various Temperature regulation Feeding Stimulating or inhibiting hormones are transported via the tuberoinfundibular tract and released in to the pituitary portal system and ultimately to the adenohypophysis Functions of the Hypothalamus

  15. Autonomic nervous system regulation Hormone production Endocrine regulation Circadian rhythm regulation Limbic system interaction Various Temperature regulation Feeding Input from retina to suprachiasmatic nucleus is then sent through poorly defined projections to the pineal gland Functions of the Hypothalamus

  16. Autonomic nervous system regulation Hormone production Endocrine regulation Circadian rhythm regulation Limbic system interaction Various Temperature regulation Feeding Temperature Posterior n. conserves heat Anterior n. dissipates heat Fever starts – sweating Fever ends – chills Feeding Lateral n. induces eating Ventromedial n. inhibits eating Functions of the Hypothalamus

  17. Limbic System (Visceral Brain) Mediates complex behaviors • Preservation of species • securing food, defense mechanisms, sexual behavior • Emotions • Affective behavior • Memory • Motivation

  18. Components • Cingulate gyrus • Parahippocampal gyrus • Mammillary body • Hippocampus • Anterior thalamic nucleus • Amygdala • Septal nuclei • Dorsomedial thalamic nucleus

  19. Cingulate Gyrus Thalamocingulate radiations cingulum Ant. Thalamic Nucleus fornix Hippocampus Mammillary Body Mammillothalamic tract Circuit of Papez

  20. Fornix

  21. Amygdala • Located deep to uncus, near tail of caudate, and above most rostral part of lateral ventricle inferior horn • Wide variety of functions, connections • lip smacking, chewing, autonomic responses, fear, rage, anxiety • Klüver-Bucy Syndrome PlacidityVisual agnosia Oral tendencies Hypersexuality

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