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Macromolecules in Living Things - Biochemistry Basics

Learn about the four essential macromolecules found in all living things - carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Discover examples of each macromolecule and understand their importance in biological systems. Get ready for a quiz on the topic!

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Macromolecules in Living Things - Biochemistry Basics

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  1. Warm-Up # 10 9/27/12 1) What are the four macromolecules essential for all life? 2) What is one food example of a carbohydrate? 3) What is one food example of a lipid? 4) What is one food example of a protein? 5) What is one example of a nucleic Acid? 6) When is your next quiz and what is it on?

  2. QUIZ TODAY Warm-Up # 9 9/26/12 1) Water sticking to water is called____. 2) Some insects can stand on water because water has a high _________. 3) label the water molecule with O, H, +, and – 4) Match the pH scale with the following word: Neutral, Strong Acid, Strong Base, Weak Acid, Weak Base

  3. Macromolecules Unit 2 Biochemistry

  4. EQ: What molecules make up all living things? Objective: differentiate between the four types of molecules. What Will We Learn Today?

  5. Organic Chemistry • Carbon • most versatile element • bonds with many different elements (H, O, S, N, P, C) • forms large and complex structures.

  6. Macromolecules • Means giant molecules • Small units called monomers join to form large units called polymers which are the same as macromolecules • There are 4 groups • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Nucleic acids • Proteins

  7. Macromolecules

  8. Carbohydrates

  9. glucose glucose Glycogen or starch

  10. Lipids

  11. Lipid: Glycerol + 2 or 3 Fatty Acids • Di-glycerides are mostly plant oils & waxes • Tri-glycerides are mostly animal fats • Fatty Acids = Carbon Chains

  12. Nucleic Acids

  13. nucleotide

  14. Proteins

  15. MacromoleculeActivity • With your clock buddy, you will: • Cut all word and pictures from the handouts • Glue words and pictures on to construction paper • Organize them into Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids • You will do two macromolecules and your partner will do the other two • Label everything you can • Use your notes from today This is your cheat sheet for a quiz Tuesday!

  16. Warm-Up #12 10/1/12 • When is your next quiz? Test? 2) What is the monomer of a protein? 3) What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? 4) What sugar is found in plant cell walls?

  17. ENZYMES EQ: What affect does enzymes have on a reaction?

  18. Chemical Reactions • Changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals • Require energy • Reactants IN • Products OUT • Chemical bonds are ALWAYS broken and new bonds are formed • 2H2 + O2 2H2O

  19. Energy in Reactions Some reactions absorb energy Energy-Releasing Reaction Energy-Absorbing Reaction Energy-Releasing Reaction Energy-Absorbing Reaction Activation energy Products Activation energy Products Activation energy Activation energy Reactants Reactants Reactants Reactants Products Products Some reactions release energy

  20. Energy in Reactions • Energy can be released as heat, light, or sound. • Living organisms need energy source to carry out chemical reactions. • Some reactions need activation energy to get started. (activation energy)

  21. Enzymes • A catalyst speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. • An enzyme is a catalyst for a biological chemical reaction—inside cells! • Enzymes are very specific—one enzyme for one chemical reaction.

  22. Enzymes • Substrates (reactants) attach to the active site of a specific enzyme. (enzyme-substrate complex • When the enzyme-substrate complex is formed, the enzyme converts the substrate into products. • The products are released. • The enzyme can carry out another reaction.

  23. Enzyme (hexokinase) Glucose Substrates Products ADP Glucose-6- phosphate ATP Active site Products are released Enzyme-substrate complex Substrates bind to enzyme Substrates are converted into products

  24. Enzymes • Work best at certain pH and temperature levels. • Enzymes in humans work best at 37°C, normal body temperature.

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