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Understanding the Nervous System: Structure and Functions of Nerves and Reflexes

This comprehensive overview covers the central and peripheral nervous systems, detailing the roles of nerves, including afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) nerves, as well as mixed nerves. The document lists the twelve cranial nerves and their respective functions from smell to muscular control. It also discusses reflexes, highlighting their involuntary and unconscious nature, and the various deep tendon reflexes associated with muscle response. Gain insights into how the nervous system operates and responds to stimuli.

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Understanding the Nervous System: Structure and Functions of Nerves and Reflexes

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Nerves Ch. 24 Spine

  2. Nervous System • Central nervous system • Brain • Spinal Cord • Peripheral nervous system • All other nerves

  3. Nerve • Afferent or sensory nerve: carries impulses from sense organs to the brain • Efferent or motor nerve: carries impulses from brain to muscles • If it does both, it is called a mixed nerve

  4. Cranial Nerves • I: Olfactory-Smell • II: Optic-Vision, eyesight • III: Oculomotor-movement of eye muscle • IV: Trochlear-Movement of eye muscle

  5. Cranial Nerves • V: Trigeminal-Face and teeth muscles, chewing • VI: Abducens-Movement of eye muscle • VII: Facial-Facial expressions, taste • VIII: Vestibulocochlear-Hearing and balance

  6. Cranial Nerves • IX: Glossopharyngeal-Movement of throat muscle, taste • X: Vagus-Movement of throat; heart/digestive system • XI: Accessory-Movement of neck muscles • XII: Hypoglossal-Movement of tongue muscles

  7. Reflexes • Simplest nerve response • Reflex is unconscious and involuntary • Caused by a stimulus • Sound • Light • Heat • Odor

  8. Deep Tendon Reflexes • Biceps • Triceps • Brachioradiolis • Patella Tendon • Achilles Tendon

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