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Explore the evolution from the Renaissance scientific method to the modern mind, emphasizing deductive and inductive methods, key figures like Descartes, Pythagoras, and discoveries in optics, gravity, and mathematics.
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The Scientific Revolution 17th Century Development of the Renaissance Scientific Method / Creation of the Modern Mind • Inductive Method • NO NEW THEORIES OR DISCOVERIES • ESTABLISHES RULES OF SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY • INDUCTIVE METHOD – USE OF THE HUMAN MIND OVER THE SENSES • FACTUAL INFORMATION COLLECTED THROUGH EXPERIMENT AND OBSERVATION • THESE LEAD TO GENERAL STATEMENTS • SEES SCIENCE AS A CONTINUAL SEARCH FOR THE TRUTH • PROMOTES SCIENTIFIC ETHICS IN A CHANGING WORLD
The Scientific Revolution • 17th Century • Development of the Renaissance Scientific Method / Creation of the Modern Mind • II. Deductive Method • Rene Descartes (1596-1650) FRANCE Discourse on Method (1637) • “NATURAL METHOD” – ONLY THE MIND CAN DISCOVER THE TRUTH • “COGITO ERGO SUM” – “I THINK, THEREFORE I AM” • CARTESIAN DUALISM – GOD CREATED A FLAWLESS WORLD CONSISTING OF TWO SEPARATE ESSENCES: SPIRIT & MATTER • THE HUMAN MIND IS SPIRIT • ALL MATTER IS COMPOSED OF THE SAME SUBSTANCE (DEMOCRITOS) • REALITY IS THE MOVEMENT OF MATTER THROUGH TIME AND SPACE • MATHEMATICS IS THE ULTIMATE SCIENCE AND CAN BE USED TO PROVE ANYTHING (PYTHAGORAS)
The Scientific Revolution • 17th Century • Development of the Renaissance Scientific Method / Creation of the Modern Mind • Empiricism • PYTHAGORIAN VIEW OF THE MATHEMATICAL ORDER OF NATURE • RIGID METHODS OF EXPERIMENTATION • FORM A THEORY • TEST THE THEORY • ADJUST THE THEORY ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS • THE MIND CANNOT MAKE VALID CONCLUSIONS WITHOUT SENSORY OBSERVATION • INVENTS TELESCOPE THAT PROVES THE HELIOCENTRIC THEORY • DEVISES TWO LAWS OF MOTION • INVENTS THERMOMETER & MICROSCOPE . . . • INTELLECTUAL VICTIM OF THE INQUISITION
The Scientific Revolution • 17th Century • Development of the Renaissance Scientific Method / Creation of the Modern Mind IV. Synthesis • ESTABLISHES UNIVERSAL PRICIPLES STILL HELD TRUE TODAY • DISCOVERS UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION • APPLIES TO ORBITS • ACTION AND REACTION • DEVELOPS SCIENCE OF OPTICS • INVENTS CALCULUS • REDEFINES THE LAWS OF MOTION • HIS SCIENTIFIC METHOD IS STILL THE MODEL • POSTULATES THE UNIVERSE AS THE ULTIMATE MACHINE CREATED BY GOD • GOD’S CURRENT FUNCTION: • CORRECT ANY IRREGULARITIES OR • NO FUNCTION, SINCE THE MACHINE IS PERFECT (DEISM) • PHILOSOPHICAL IMPLICATIONS: • HUMANS CAN UNCOVER ALL ASPECTS OF THE UNIVERSE • IF THE UNIVERSE IS PERFECTLY ORDERED BY NATURAL LAWS, THEN HUMAN SOCIETY AND GOVERNMENT SHOULD BE TOO • SCIENTIFIC HERO OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT