Fig.1 placebo real

1. Fig.1 placebo real PLACEBO EFFECT

2. The Placebo Effect • Refers to an improvement in symptoms as a result of medical treatment with an inactive substance or staged medical procedure. • patient recovers without genuine medical intervention • attributed to belief in the effectiveness of treatment • belief mediates healing of symptoms • cases reported since the early 20th century

3. During World War II, a nurse told a wounded soldier he was getting a strong shot of morphine, when in actual fact the morphine supply was running low and all the soldier got was a syringe full of salt water. The soldier’s belief that he was receiving the painkiller was enough to relieve his distress and prevent shock from setting in. And so began the phenomenon known as the Placebo effect. Fig.2 real obsession

4. Rochelle Madrid English 1010 Steven Hall How the placebo effect works?

5. STEPS 1 3 2 Pain Decision Brain

6. studies being done

8. Research on Other Diseases Do you think doctors today overprescribe medication? • Depression is an area of major interest: • recent increase in use of antidepressants • critics claim that the $9.6 billion industry is making profit on pills no more effective than placebos

9. Irving Kirsch • “These are the studies that show no benefit of the antidepressant over the placebo. What they did was they took more successful studies – they published most of them – and they took their unsuccessful studies, and they didn’t publish that…. If they were mildly or moderately depressed, you don’t see a difference at all. The only place where you get a clinically meaningful difference is at these very extreme levels of depression,” Irving Kirsch a Harvard Medical School professor

10. …. • The surgeonsimulatedsurgery by anesthetizingpatients and making incisions. • No knee surgery was performed. • Patients were informed of staged operations two years later.

11. Examples of Placebos • Inert pills, drugs, or injections • Sham surgeries • Inactive medical devices • Effective/non-effective acupuncture

12. Pros/ Cons

13. Mind over matter. • Aperson's positive attitude may be important in recovery from illness. • chronic pain • The patient, in order to please the doctor, might report benefit when no benefit has occurred. In other words, the "politeness effect."

14. VIDEO

15. Overall, after all the studies that has been done theirs is still the question if the placebo effect has more to do with psychology understanding. But what I have found is that the placebo effect is mainly cause through the mentality of the person.

16. Sources Kaptchuk TJ, Friedlander E, Kelley JM, Sanchez MN, Kokkotou E, et al. “Placebos without Deception: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Irritable Bowel Syndrome”. Web. 22 Dec., .2010. Kong, Jian, et al. "Are All Placebo Effects Equal? Placebo Pills, Sham Acupuncture, Cue Conditioning And Their Association." Plos ONE 8.7 (2013): 1-9. Academic Search Premier. Web. 16 Dec. 2013. Foot, Doug, and Damien Ridge. "Constructing The Placebo Effect In The Placebo Wars: What Is The Way Ahead?." Health Sociology Review 21.3 (2012): 355-368. Academic Search Premier. Web. 16 Dec. 2013.