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Word Splash – Write a few sentences about how the following terms are related

Explore how hybrid orbitals, Lewis structures, and bonding are interconnected through the example of methane (CH4). Learn how carbon's sp3 orbitals result in stable bonding, examining the hybridization of orbitals to form four identical bonds. Delve into sp2 orbitals in ethene (C2H4) and sp orbitals in ethyne (C2H2) to understand different bonding structures.

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Word Splash – Write a few sentences about how the following terms are related

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  1. Word Splash – Write a few sentences about how the following terms are related Hybrid orbitals Lewis Structures Bonding

  2. Hybridization Additional Notes

  3. Structure and Bonding – sp3 orbitals • Look at methane, CH4 • We must take a look at the 2s and 2p orbitals of carbon • Carbon has two core electrons, and 4 valence • Look at the ground state electron configuration

  4. Structure and Bonding - sp3 orbitals

  5. Structure and Bonding - sp3 orbitals • Using the ground state configuration, carbon should only form two bonds • Bc there are only two unpaired electrons: • This is NOT STABLE! NO OCTET! • Does not work!

  6. Structure and Bonding - sp3 orbitals • Second possibility: with energy, promote an electron in 2s to the empty 2p orbital • Still not good description! This means carbon would form two types of bonds: 3 bonds with the 2p orbitals and 1 bond with the 2s orbital

  7. Structure and Bonding - sp3 orbitals • Evidence shows that the four bonds in methane are identical • We do not use pure s and pure p orbitals, instead we use hybrid of the two types of orbitals

  8. Structure and Bonding – sp3orbitals • Hybridization of the 2s and three 2p orbitals produced four hybrid orbitals:

  9. Structure and Bonding – sp3orbitals • Each bond in CH4 is formed by an overlap of one sp3 orbital of carbon with a 1s orbital from hydrogen

  10. Structure and Bonding - sp2 orbitals • One 2s orbital and two 2p orbitals form three sp2 hybrid orbitals, leaving one of the 2p orbitalsunhybridized

  11. Structure and Bonding - sp2 orbitals • Let’s look at ethene, C2H4

  12. Structure and Bonding – sp orbitals • Let’s look at ethyne, C2H2

  13. Summary

  14. Summary

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