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Frances Anderson

Measuring Inbound Diffusion from Publicly Funded Research Organizations to Innovative Firms: A Statistical Perspective. Frances Anderson Science, Innovation and Electronic Information Division (SIEID), Statistics Canada

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Frances Anderson

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  1. Measuring Inbound Diffusion from Publicly Funded Research Organizations to Innovative Firms: A Statistical Perspective Frances Anderson Science, Innovation and Electronic Information Division (SIEID), Statistics Canada Federal Partners in Technology Transfer (FPTP) National Meeting , Halifax, June 12, 2007

  2. Presentation Outline • Overview of SIEID • The Innovation Measurement Frameworks of the Oslo Manual • Findings from SIEID Surveys • Innovation 2005 • Federal Science Expenditures and Personnel Survey: Intellectual Property Management • Survey of Business Incubators 2005 • The Issue of Impact

  3. Science and Technology Research and development (R&D) Science and technology in government Innovation Commercialization Advanced technologies Business incubators Life Sciences Biotechnology Bioproducts Functional foods and nutraceuticals Emerging technologies Nanotechnologies Information Society Electronic commerce and technology Internet use by individuals Telecommunications, broadcasting and cable Knowledge Indicators Survey of Earned Doctorates Analysis of highly skilled personnel using Statcan databases (Census, National Graduate Survey…) Exploratory Data Analysis LEAP (Longitudinal Employment Analysis Program) projects Science, Innovation and Electronic Information Division, Statistics Canada

  4. Oslo Manual 1997: The Firm as the Innovation Dynamo TRANSFER FACTORS Human, social and cultural factors influencing information transmission to firms and learning by them INNOVATION DYNAMO Dynamic factors shaping innovation in firms Source: OECD/EUROSTAT (1997), “Proposed Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Technological Innovation Data, p.32

  5. Oslo Manual 2005: The Innovation Measurement Framework Infrastructure and institutional framework • The Firm • Product innovations • Process innovations • Marketing innovations • Organisational innovations Innovation policies Education and public research system Other firms Demand OECD/EUROSTAT (2005), “Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data”, p.34

  6. Oslo Manual 2005: Inbound Diffusion • Three types of linkages can occur within the innovative system. The linkages are the mechanisms through which knowledge and technology flows from external organizations to the innovating firm: • Open information sources provide openly available information that does not require the purchase of technology or intellectual property rights, or interactions with the source. • Acquisition of knowledge and technology results from the purchase of external knowledge and capital goods (machinery, equipment, software) and services embodied with new knowledge or technology that do no involve interaction with the source. • Innovation co-operation requires active co-operation with other firm or public research institutions on innovation activities (and may include purchases of knowledge and technology.) (OECD/EUROSTAT, p.76-88)

  7. Transformation of Ideas into Innovative Products The Market Intellectual Property Assets Public S&T Organizations (universities, government labs, hospitals) $ $ Know-how Graduates ?? $ Spin-off Firms Pre-market Funding (venture capital, government programs) $ Business Incubators $ Start-up Firms

  8. Federal Government Intellectual Property (IP) Management Indicators, (Preliminary Estimates) Source: Bordt (2006), “Federal S&T Commercializes”, Innovation Analysis Bulletin, Statistics Canada, Vol. 8, No. 2.

  9. Business Incubators • Definition of a business incubator • “A business unit that specializes in providing space, advice and support designed to assist new and growing businesses to become established.” • Business incubators can be • a firm (for-profit or not-for-profit) • part of a firm, • part of a university or college, • part of a federal, provincial or municipal government department or agency • Survey carried out in 2005 and 83 business incubators were identified

  10. Some Indicators of Business Incubators- 2005 Source: Joseph, Bordt and Hamdani (2006), “Characteristics of Business Incubation in Canada, 2005”, SIEID Working Paper, Statistics Canada, no. 7.

  11. Business Incubators and the Federal Government- 2005 • 16% business incubators surveyed were part of a federal, provincial or municipal department or agency • 13% were co-located in (or adjacent to) a federal government laboratory • Federal government was a key partner or stakeholder for 28% of business incubators • Of the total funds ($45 million), 23% were from federal government grants Source: Joseph, Bordt and Hamdani (2006), “Characteristics of Business Incubation in Canada, 2005”, SIEID Working Paper, Statistics Canada, no. 7.

  12. IMPACT “Canada’s federal government will increase its accountability to Canadians by: • Improving its ability to measure and report on the impact of S&T expenditures. The government will improve its understanding of Canadian S&T developments and the impact of federally performed S&T, and will work with the OECD and other countries that will enable comparisons against international benchmarks of success.” Government of Canada (2007), Mobilizing Science and Technology to Canada’s Advantage, p.88.

  13. Science and Technology Activities and Impacts: A Framework for a Statistical Information System (1998) • S&T system is comprised of three types of activities • Generation of S&T Knowledge • Transmission of S&T Knowledge • Use of S&T Knowledge • Generic questions • Activities (Who? What? Where? Why?) • Linkages (How much? How connected?) • Outcomes (What result?) • Impact

  14. Determinants of Innovation and Impact of Innovation • Internal factors • Firm strategy • Business practices • Personnel • Decision-making • processes • Firm • Performance • Productivity • Growth • Profitability • Exports • Survival • Market share • Innovation • vs. non-innovator • Type • Intensity • Novelty • External factors • Geographical location • Inbound diffusion • Government funding • Regulations • Supply chain • Outsourcing

  15. Facilitated Access Econometric Study of Motives from Innovation Cooperation Firms’ innovation behaviour • Motives: • Cost sharing • Accessing knowledge • Scaling up production • Commercialization Public R&D support Firm characteristics and framework conditions Source: Schmidt (2007), “Motive for Innovation Co-operation- Evidence from the Canadian Survey of Innovation”, Discussion paper no. 7, ZEW- Centre for European Economic Research, p.9.

  16. Finding on Public Funding “We find some evidence that public funding increases the flow of knowledge within the national system of innovation. Innovators are more likely to co-operate in order to get access to external R&D and expertise if they receive public funding than if they do not receive public funding.” Source: Schmidt (2007), “Motive for Innovation Co-operation- Evidence from the Canadian Survey of Innovation”, Discussion paper no. 7, ZEW- Centre for European EconomicResearch, p.25.

  17. SIEID Publications • Industrial Research and Development • http://www.statcan.ca/bsolc/english/bsolc?catno=88-202-X • Federal Science Activities • http://www.statcan.ca/bsolc/english/bsolc?catno=88-204-XScience Bulletin • Science Statistics • http://www.statcan.ca/bsolc/english/bsolc?catno=88-001-X • Innovation Analysis Bulletin • http://www.statcan.ca/bsolc/english/bsolc?catno=88-003-X • SIEID Working Papers • http://www.statcan.ca/bsolc/english/bsolc?catno=88F0006X • Connectedness Series • http://www.statcan.ca/bsolc/english/bsolc?catno=56F0004M

  18. Questions? Frances Anderson (613) 951-6307 frances.anderson@statcan.ca

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