Notes on Three States of Matter

1. Notes on Three States of Matter M. Pursley 8th Science

2. Three states of matter • Solid • Liquid • Gas

3. Particle Movement • Solid – particles are packed close together • Particles move by vibrating in place (but they cannot break the attraction to one another) • Particles are locked in place • Have definite shape and volume

4. Particle Movement • Liquid – particles overcome some attraction and slide past each other • Liquids take the shape of their container • Has a definite volume (volume stays the same no matter what container the liquid is in or what shape the container is) • Liquids for spherical drops

5. Particle Movement (liquid) • VISCOSITY – Resistance to flow – • ? – which is more viscous – syrup or water Answer Viscosity = Resistance to flow so syrup would be more resistant to flow

6. Particle Movement (Gas) • Gases – particles move very quickly • Gas particles move independently of each other • Little attraction between particles • No definite shape or volume

7. Temperature and Particle Movement • TEMPERATURE – a measure of how fast particles move • effects particle movement • Hot – particles move fast and spread out (which could cause a balloon to blow up) • Cold – particles move slow and get close together (can cause a balloon to shrink)

8. Boyle’s Law • Boyle’s Law • As pressure decreases the volume of the gas increases • Ex. Pushing down on a piston (pump) increases the pressure and decreases the amount of gas that can be held within the pump (therefore it will come out) • As pressure increases the volume of gas decreases • If I raise up the handle on the pump – it allows for more room for the gas molecules to move

9. Boyles Law continued • If the handle is raised up – it allows more room for the gas particles to move • If the handle is pushed down – it allows less room for the gas particles to move

10. Charles’s Law • Charles’ Law • Temperature affects volume of the gas • If temperature is high – particles move fast – and the volume expands (get bigger) • If temperature is cold – particles slow down and stick together – volume shrinks

11. Changes of state – Physical Properties Change of State - Occurs due to heating or cooling of a substance (adding or removing energy)

12. 5 Changes of State • Melting – solid to liquid • Melting point – temp at which a solid becomes a liquid • Freezing – liquid to solid • Freezing pt – temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid • Evaporation – liquid to gas • Boiling point – temp at which a liquid becomes a vapor/gas • Condensation – gas to liquid • Condensation pt – temp at which a gas becomes a liquid • sublimation – solid to gas

13. Pictures of Changes in State

14. Endothermic vs. Exothermic • Endothermic Vs Exothermic • Endothermic change – (particles) gains energy when it changes state (solid to liquid) • Exothermic – (particles )loses energy when it changes state (liquid to solid) • Examples – Endothermic – an ice cube melts • Example of exothermic – water freezes