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Plant Propagation

Plant Propagation. 18.00: Apply different methods of plant propagation as related to horticultural plant production. Propagation. The multiplication of a kind or species. Reproduction of a species. Sexual Propagation. Propagation from seeds.

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Plant Propagation

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  1. Plant Propagation 18.00: Apply different methods of plant propagation as related to horticultural plant production

  2. Propagation • The multiplication of a kind or species. • Reproduction of a species.

  3. Sexual Propagation • Propagation from seeds. • Pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma. • Fertilization occurs and seeds are produced.

  4. Germination Rates • Percent of seeds that sprout • 75 out of 100=75% • Rate is affected by seed viability, temperature and moisture. • Rates vary depending on plant and quality of seed.

  5. Seeds • Plant depth depends on the size of seeds • larger seeds are planted deeper • water small seeds from bottom by soaking Embryo Seed Coat Endosperm

  6. Seedlings (small plants) • Transplant when first true leaves appear • Reduce humidity and water and make environment more like outside to “harden off” plants

  7. Seeds to Seedlings

  8. Advantages of Sexual Reproduction • Fast way to get many plants • Easy to do • Economical

  9. Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction • Some plants, especially hybrids, do not reproduce true to parents • Some plants are difficult to propagate from seeds

  10. Asexual Reproduction • Uses growing plant parts other than seeds • Types of asexual reproduction: • cuttings • layering • division or separation • budding • grafting • tissue culture

  11. Rooting from Cuttings • Rooting media should be about 4 inches deep • Best time of day is early mornings because plants have more moisture • Types of cuttings: • stem • leaf • root

  12. Stem Cuttings • Using a small piece of stem to reproduce plants • using hormones and dipping in fungicides help speed up rooting

  13. Leaf cuttings • Using small pieces of leaves to reproduce new plants • from herbaceous plants • vein must be cut

  14. Stem Cuttings-Step 1 Gather all materials needed

  15. Stem Cuttings-Step 2 Cut 3 to 4 inch shoot from stem tip

  16. Stem Cuttings-Step 3 Remove lower leaves from the shoot

  17. Stem Cuttings-Step 4 Dip cut surface in rooting hormone

  18. Stem Cuttings-Step 5 Thoroughly moisten rooting medium

  19. Stem Cuttings-Step 6 Stick one or more cuttings in rooting media

  20. Stem Cuttings-Step 7 Cover with plastic wrap or place on a mist bench in a warm area away from direct sunlight.

  21. Stem Cuttings-Step 8 Once rooted, cuttings can be separated carefully and transplanted

  22. Root Cuttings • Using small pieces of roots to reproduce plants • should be three inches apart in rooting area

  23. Layering • Scarring a small area of stem to produce new plants • air layering • trench layering

  24. Trench Layering

  25. Division or Separation • Cutting or pulling apart plant structures for reproduction • bulbs • corms • rhizomes • tubers • runners • stolons • suckers

  26. Bulbs

  27. Grafting • Joining separate plant parts together so that they form a union and grow together to make one plant. Wedge Graft Approach Graft

  28. Grafting Terms • Scion-the piece of plant at the top of the graft • Rootstock-the piece of the plant at the root or bottom of the graft

  29. Methods of Grafting • If the scion and rootstock are the same size • wedge • splice • whip and tongue • approach

  30. Methods of Grafting • If the scion is smaller than the rootstock • cleft • side • notch • bark inlay

  31. Budding • A form of grafting when a bud is used • patch budding • T-budding • Chip Budding Chip Budding

  32. How to perform T-budding Step 2 Step 4 Step 1 Step 3

  33. Tissue Culture • Using a small amount of plant tissue to grow in a sterile environment • The most plants in a short time • True to parent plant

  34. Advantages of Asexual Production • Plants mature in a shorter time • Budding is faster than grafting • In trench layering, a plant forms at each node on a covered stem • Some plants do not produce viable seed • New plants are the same as the parent plant

  35. Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction • Some require special equipment and skills, such as grafting • Cuttings detach plant parts from water and nutrient source • Some plants are patented making propagation illegal

  36. The Uses of Biotechnology in Horticulture

  37. What is Biotechnology? • The use of cells or components (parts) of cells to produce products or processes

  38. Methods • Tissue culture or micropropagation • Cloning • Genetic Engineering

  39. Tissue Culture • Uses terminal shoots or leaf buds in a sterile or aseptic environment on agar gel or other nutrient-growing media to produce thousands of identical plants

  40. Cloning • Genetically generating offspring from non-sexual tissue

  41. Genetic Engineering • Movement of genetic information in the form of genes from one cell to another cell to modify or change the genetic make-up

  42. Benefits of Biotechnology • Produce many identical plants in a short time • Increase disease and insect resistance • Increase tolerance to heat and cold • Increase weed tolerance

  43. Benefits of Biotechnology • Increase tolerance to drought • Improve environment • Increase production • Other genetic changes

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