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Overview Data Needs and Data Sources Chemical Data R. Bradley Pierce, NASA LaRC

Overview Data Needs and Data Sources Chemical Data R. Bradley Pierce, NASA LaRC. Workshop on Chemical Data Assimilation and Data Needs for Air Quality Forecasting Holiday Inn-Silver Spring Silver Spring, MD June 20-22, 2005. Outline Data Needs: Transported species in typical AQ model

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Overview Data Needs and Data Sources Chemical Data R. Bradley Pierce, NASA LaRC

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  1. Overview Data Needs and Data Sources Chemical Data R. Bradley Pierce, NASA LaRC Workshop on Chemical Data Assimilation and Data Needs for Air Quality Forecasting Holiday Inn-Silver Spring Silver Spring, MD June 20-22, 2005

  2. Outline Data Needs: Transported species in typical AQ model Data Sources: Surface: EPA AIRNow Profile: Ozonesonde, MOZAIC Satellite:Current (Aura), Future (NPOESS)

  3. Typical List of Transported Species (Reduced stratosphere, extended CB4 tropospheric chemistry*) • 1) Ox • 2) NOy • 3) HNO3 • 4) N2O5 • 5) H2O2 • HNO4 • H2O • NO3 • NO2 • CH2O • CH3OOH • CO • CH4 • ClONO2 • N2O = Observed in Troposphere (Global column and CONUS surface) 16) C2H6 (ethane, 2C) 17) ALD2 (acetaldehyde+higher group, 2C) 18) ETHOOH (ethyl hydrogen peroxide, 2C) 19) PAN (2C) 20) PAR (paraffin carbon bond group, 1C) 21) ONIT (organic nitrate group, 1C) 22) AONE (acetone, 3C) 23) ROOH (C3+hydrogen peroxides group, 1C) 24) MGLY (methylglyoxal, 3C) 25) ETH (ethene, 2C) 26) XOLET (terminal olefin carbon group, 2C) 27) XOLEI (internal olefin carbon group, 2C) 28) XISOP (isoprene, 5C) 29) XISOPRD (isoprene oxidation product-long lived, 5C) 30) PROP_PAR (propane paraffin, 1C) 31) CH3OH (methanol) 32) XMVK (methyl vinyl ketone, 4C) 33) XMACR (methacrolein, 4C) 34) XMPAN (peroxymethacryloyl nitrate, 4C) = Observed in Stratosphere Ox-HOx-NOx+CH4+CO oxidation NMHC Chemistry Chemical families Ox=O(1D)+O(3P)+O3+NO2+HNO3+2(NO3)+3(N2O5)+HNO4 NOy=N+NO+NO2+NO3+2(N2O5)+HNO3+HNO4+ClNO3 Climatological Species: ClONO2, N2O, CH4 *Based on reduced version of RAQMS unified Strat/trop Chemical mechanism

  4. CONUS surface Ozone measurements NAMS+ SLAMS~ AIRNow Available in NRT

  5. CONUS surface NO2 measurements NAMS+ SLAMS network for regulatory Purposes Not NRT

  6. CONUS surface CO measurements NAMS+ SLAMS network for regulatory Purposes Not NRT

  7. EPA Supersites SEARCH sites Enhanced surface measurement sites

  8. AIRMAP sites http://airmap.unh.edu/

  9. Profile: IONS ozonesonde sites The INTEX Ozonesonde Network Study (IONS) consists of a coordinated network of ozonesondes that operated daily during July-August 15, 2004 Anne Thompson (PI)http://croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/intex/

  10. Profile: MOZAIC airborne measurements The MOZAIC program (Measurement of OZone and water vapour by AIrbus in-service airCraft) consists of automatic and regular measurements by five long range passenger airliners flying all over the world. • MOZAIC I (O3 and H2O) 1993 – 1996 • MOZAIC II (O3, H2O, developing NOY, CO instr.) 1996-1999 • MOZAIC III (O3, H2O, NOY, CO) – 1999-present. http://www.aero.obs-mip.fr/mozaic/

  11. Median ozone profiles July 1- August 15, 2004 (IONS plus MOZAIC) From Anne Thompson (IONS PI) & Bob Chatfield (INTEX MOZAIC PI) April, 2005 INTEX-NA Data Workshop

  12. Satellite Atmospheric Chemistry Measurements Col= total atmospheric column from surface to space Nadir is a column measurement that can distinguish some vertical layers Limb scans down through the atmosphere with good vertical resolution to the tropopause.

  13. TOMS/SBUV Seasonal Tropospheric O3 Variation Seasonal mean tropospheric ozone columns obtained by subtracting empirically corrected SBUV stratospheric column ozone from TOMS total column ozone* *From Fishman et al., 2003

  14. MOPITT Seasonal 850mb CO Variation MOPITT 850mbCO observations averaged over 4 years (March 2000-February 2004) for each season. Image Credit: Cathy Clerbaux, NCAR

  15. MOPITT CO Measurement Validation* MOPITT Averaging Kernels INTEX-A MOPITT Validation *Louisa Emmons, April, 2005 INTEX-NA Data Workshop, Insitu data from G. Sachse

  16. GOME Tropospheric NO2 Column The GOME Tropospheric NO2 product uses the Pacific sector as a clean background value. The difference between the actual measurement and the reference sector interpreted as tropospheric excess. GOME NO2 contact: Andreas Richter, Univ of Bremin, Germany

  17. GOME NO2 column vs EPA AIRNOW (June-August, 1997) Generally poor correlation is due to large GOME footprint GOME Tropospheric NO2 retrieval from R. Martin

  18. SCIAMACHY Tropospheric NO2 Column Each scan covers an area on the ground of up to 960 km across track with a resolution of 26x15 km The SCIAMACHY Tropospheric NO2 product has much higher horizontal resolution than GOME. SCIAMACHY NO2 contact: Andreas Richter, Univ of Bremin Germany

  19. EOS Aura Atmospheric Chemistry • High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS:USA/UK) • Measures IR limb emission of stratospheric and upper tropospheric trace gases and aerosols • Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS:USA) • Measures microwave limb emission of ozone destroying chemicals and upper tropospheric trace gases • Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES: USA) • Down looking and limb looking measurements of air pollution • Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI: Netherlands/Finland) • Measures column ozone and aerosols - continues global ozone record of TOMS Direction of motion MLS HIRDLS TES limb TES nadir OMI

  20. OMI • Ozone Monitoring Instrument • Nadir solar backscatter spectrometer • 270-500 nm • 13x24 km footprint • Swath width 2600 km • Radicals: Column O3, NO2, BrO, OClO, • O3 profile ~ 5 km resolution, HCHO • Tracers: Column SO2 • Aerosols (smoke, dust and sulfates) • Cloud top press., cloud coverage • Surface UVB • Tropospheric ozone residual • (when combined with MLS or HIRDLS)

  21. EP TOMS vs OMI Total Ozone Column* NASA Polar Aura Validation Experiment (PAVE) *From Mark Schoeberl (Aura Project Scientist) April, 2005 INTEX-NA Data Workshop

  22. OMI Total NO2 Column* NASA Polar Aura Validation Experiment (PAVE) *From Mark Schoeberl (Aura Project Scientist) April, 2005 INTEX-NA Data Workshop

  23. OMI Total HCHO Column* NASA Polar Aura Validation Experiment (PAVE) *From Mark Schoeberl (Aura Project Scientist) April, 2005 INTEX-NA Data Workshop

  24. Operational Atmospheric Composition measurements: NPOESS The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) will converge existing polar-orbiting satellite systems under a single national program. • The NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) is a joint NASA/IPO instrument risk reduction project. It is designed to function as a bridge between the NASA EOS program and NPOESS for the development of the following sensors: • Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) • Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) • Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) • Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)

  25. Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) OMPS Specifications The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) will continue the daily global data produced by the current ozone monitoring systems (SBUV, TOMS). OMPS has the potential to provide other data, including anthropogenic trace gases. • The OMPS program will create five • ozone products • High performance Total Column environmental data records (EDR) • Heritage TOMS V7 Total Column EDRs • High performance Ozone Profile EDRs • Heritage SBUV V6 Nadir Profile data records • IR Total Column data records from Cross-track Infra-red Sounder (CRIS) radiances

  26. Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) • Specifications • Temperature profile: 18.5 km at nadir • Moisture profile: 15 km at nadir • Pressure profile: 55 km at nadir • 1 Kelvin / 1 km layers The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) is primarily for improved measurements of the temperature and moisture profiles in the atmosphere. However, it’s heritage includes the NASA Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), which is currently producing CO and O3 retrievals in a research mode.

  27. AIRS 500mb CO/MODIS AOD, July 18, 2004 *From Wallace McMilan April, 2005 INTEX-NA Data Workshop

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