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The Human Body

Nutrition plays a crucial role in human health, encompassing six essential nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water. Carbohydrates provide energy, proteins support growth and healing, lipids contribute to cell structure, and vitamins and minerals assist in various biochemical processes. Water, making up over 70% of our body mass, is vital for digestion and absorption. The digestion process breaks down food into nutrients, allowing absorption into the bloodstream, where they are transported throughout the body for maintenance and repair.

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The Human Body

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  1. The Human Body Nutrition

  2. What does this picture have to do with a human body?

  3. Nutrients

  4. Nutrients • A substance that a living thing must take in to promote growth, maintenance, and repair is called nutrients.

  5. 6 nutrients • Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water, vitamins, minerals • Carbohydrates: organic compounds made from one or more sugar molecules. • They store and provide energy for your body to function

  6. Carbohydrates • Simple carbohydrates are called sugars. • Found in many forms: • Sucrose (granulated sugar) • Fructose (honey, fruit) • Lactose (milk sugar) • Glucose (fruit, flows through blood)

  7. Complex Carbohydrates • Made of sugar molecules linked together in chains • They form starch in potatoes, pasta and bread. • Some cc’s, such as cellulose (fiber) are not digestible

  8. Proteins • Made of amino acids • They regulate the chemical reactions in the body, transport and store materials, promote growth and healing. • They are long chains of molecules • Our cells need combinations of different amino acids to make proteins for reactions in our bodies

  9. lipids • Simple or compound • Are molecules of triglycerides (alcohol glycerol) with fatty acids (saturated or unsaturated) • Cholesterol is a compound lipid, helps build cell membranes

  10. Vitamins • Organic substances needed in small amounts for growth and activity • Either fat or water soluble (dissolve in) • 4 fat-soluble: • A,D,E,K • We need a little fat to store these vitamins

  11. Fat soluble

  12. Water-soluble • Vitamin C, and eight B vitamins • Body excretes extra water-soluble vitamins • Many are used for cell metabolism

  13. Minerals • Inorganic substances • Calcium and phosphorus make up most of our mineral content • Some minerals work together, others alone • Most play a role in one of the body’s chemical processes in a cell

  14. Water • More than 70% of our body mass is water. • Most of our water is found in our cells • Intracellular/extracellular • Ex. Is water, nutrients, and carbon dioxide, electrolytes

  15. Digestions, Absorption, GI Tract • 1. Digestion: food is broken down into microscopic nutrients through digestion • A. chewing • B. chemically with enzymes.

  16. 2. Absorption: nutrient molecules are moved into the bloodstream. • Most absorption occurs in walls of small intestine • Bloodstream brings nutrients everywhere

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