1. Chapter 13 Section 1

2. Main Idea: The Civil War took a huge physical and human toll on the South. 1. War had destroyed 2/3 of Southern shipping and 9,000 miles of railroad 2. South lost 1/5 of its adult white men 3. Countless civilian death 4. Result in the South being left in ruins

3. Main Idea: Three major groups of people faced hardships and fears. 1. Black southerners often found themselves homeless, jobless and hungry 2. Plantation owners lost slave labor, faced property seizure by the federal gov’t and often had to sell their property to cover debt 3. Poor white southerners often could not find work and many migrated to frontier land

4. Main Idea: Identify the 4 proposals in Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan for Reconstruction. 1. It offered a pardon, an official forgiveness of a crime, to any Confederate who would take an oath of allegiance to the Union and accept federal policy on slavery 2. It denied pardons to all Confederate military and government officials and to southerners who had killed African American war prisoners. 3. It permitted each state to hold a constitutional convention only after 10 percent of voters in the state had sworn allegiance to the Union 4. States could then hold elections and resume full participation in the Union.

5. Main Idea: Identify the 4 provisions in Johnson’s Presidential Reconstruction. 1. It pardoned southerners who swore allegiance to the Union. 2. It permitted each state to hold a constitutional convention (without Lincoln’s percent allegiance requirement) 3. States were required to void secession, abolish slavery, and ratify the Thirteenth Amendment 4. States could then hold elections and resume participation in the Union.

6. Main Idea: Newly freed slaves began rebuilding their lives, and the government helped them. 1. African Americans in the South set up their own churches 2. African Americans pursued an education, especially to learn to read 3. Congress created Freedmen’s Bureau to provide food, medicine, and other relief to African Americans

7. Reconstruction • DefineReconstruction: Federal gov’t effort between 1865 to 1877 to repair the damage to the South caused by the Civil War and to restore southern states to the Union. Relation: Johnson devised a plan to repair the South and restore southern states to the Union that was more generous than Lincoln’s

8. Pardon • Define Pardon: an official forgiveness of a crime Relation: Johnson issued a score of these to southern officials and other confederates