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Animal Behavior

Delve into comparative psychology, ethology, and behavioral ecology to study animal behavior. Learn about instinct, maturation, imprinting, learning, and communication in various species. Discover how behavior is shaped by the nervous and endocrine systems. Explore social behavior, mating behavior, aggression, and altruism in animal societies.

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Animal Behavior

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  1. Animal Behavior Mrs. Rightler

  2. Methods of Study • Comparative psychology • Ethology • Behavioral ecology • Sociobiology

  3. Instinct • Basic set of behaviors present at birth • May need a trigger • Behavior improves or changes with experience

  4. Maturation • Behavior seen after a period of development has occurred • Improvement or change not based on experience but on time • Ex. Tadpole swimming techniques

  5. Imprinting • Konrad Lorenz • Critical time period ONLY • Young animal develops attachment to another animal or object • Rapid learning

  6. Learning

  7. Habituation • Animal trained to ignore stimuli • Dog examples

  8. Classical Conditioning • Pavlov’s dog • Animal learns to respond to particular stimuli • Basic obedience training

  9. Instrumental Conditioning • Trial-and-error learning • Skinner Box • Behavior can be “shaped”

  10. Latent Learning • Exploratory learning • No obvious reward • Helps animal learn about its surroundings

  11. Insight Learning • Animal uses experiences and thinking to solve problems. • Tool use • Primates

  12. Behavior is Controlled by: • Nervous system • Endocrine system • Organizational effects • Activational effects

  13. Animal Communication • Transfer of information from one animal to the other (both must be mutually adapted) • Visual • Auditory • Tacticle • Chemical

  14. Behavioral Ecology

  15. Habitat Selection • Two factors influence habitat choice • Physiological • Psychological

  16. Finding Food

  17. Foraging Behavior • Process of locating food resources • Cost vs. benefit analysis • Handling time • Nutritional value • Status value • Concentration/density

  18. Specialists vs. Generalist

  19. Social Behavior • Members of the same species • Usually live full-time in groups • Can refer to predator-prey interactions

  20. Group Living • Animal society – stable group of individuals of the same species that have cooperative relationships outside of mating and raising young. • Invertebrates and vertebrates

  21. Advantages to Group Life • Protection from predators • Increase feeding efficiency • Protection from elements • Easy access to potential mates

  22. Mating Behavior

  23. Disadvantages of Group Life • Competition for resources • Diseases • Parasites

  24. Aggression • Agonistic behavior • Attacks • Threat displays • Maintains territory • Maintains dominance hierarchy

  25. Altruism • Individual sacrifices reproductive potential for the benefit of others in the group • Honeybees • Turkeys • Naked mole rats • Kin selection

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