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History and Role of NGOs

History and Role of NGOs. Eric Leander Sustainable Business Operations Spring 2012. What is an NGO? . Non-Governmental Organization

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History and Role of NGOs

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  1. History and Role of NGOs Eric Leander Sustainable Business Operations Spring 2012

  2. What is an NGO? • Non-Governmental Organization • NGO Monitor defines NGOs as autonomous non-profit and non-party/politically-unaffiliated organizations that advance a particular cause or set of causes in the public interest. The range of causes on which an NGO can focus is unlimited, but a cardinal principle is that NGOs operate in a manner consistent with the objectives for which they receive funds. Donations are an NGO's lifeline because they are independent organizations. Funding can come from governments, the UN, private trusts and philanthropies, individual donations, religious institutions, and, in many cases, other NGOs. NGOs can contribute to democracy through challenging governments and promoting social interests, but they themselves are not democratic institutions and have no democratic accountability. An NGO is only accountable to its particular funding organizations and members. Meanwhile, criticism of a human rights NGO is often dismissed as an attack on the values of human rights themselves.

  3. History of NGOsEncyclopedia of International Development: Tim Forsyth

  4. History of NGOs

  5. Modern NGO Purpose

  6. The Modern NGO • David Korten’s: “Four-Generation NGOs”

  7. Controversy • Accountability • Power- Too much? • Grey Areas • The line between an "N.G.O." a "nonprofit" and "civil society" is often blurred in debates, that much is known. The big nonprofit universities, museums, and hospitals are not N.G.O.'s, and neither are the small producers of social capital, such as choral societies. The multiplying references to "civil society" in international treaties, as an increasingly mandatory actor in global affairs, essentially mean N.G.O.'s.

  8. NGO Growth • Huge growth since WWII • Currently over 20,ooo international NGOs • Main factors for increase: • Outsource government services • Non-for-profit entrepreneurs • Increased professionalization of existing NGOs • Funding from the private sector

  9. NGO Roles • Humanitarian work • Economic Development • Education • Public Health • Environmental • Social Development • Agriculture • Literacy • Anti-Corruption • Disaster Relief • War Relief/Conflict Resolution • Rehabilitation • Human Rights • Peace • Community Empowerment • Conservation • Land Rights • Information Freedom • Microfinance • Lobbying • Consultation

  10. NGO Examples • World Vision: ($2.1billion) • Save the Children ($863 million) • CARE International ($624 million) • Oxfam ($528 million) • American Red Cross ($3.8 billion) • Goodwill Industries International ($3 billion) • Amnesty International ($65 million) • Human Rights Watch ($39 million) • Wikimedia Foundation

  11. Resources: • http://www.ngo-monitor.org/ • http://www.ngoworldpk.com/articles/presentation.htm • Tim Forsyth: Encyclopedia of International Development • Non-Governmental and Not-for-Profit Organizational Effectiveness: A Modern Synthesis • Making a difference: NGOs and development in a changing world • http://www.globalhumanitarianassistance.org

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