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Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building

Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building. GPH 111. Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building Game plan:. Intro to Plate Tectonics, Wegner, and Pangea Major Plate Boundaries Terrain Accretion and Continental Shields Plate Tectonics and Mountains Stress and Strain – Folding and Faulting.

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Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building

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  1. Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building GPH 111

  2. Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building Game plan: • Intro to Plate Tectonics, Wegner, and Pangea • Major Plate Boundaries • Terrain Accretion and Continental Shields • Plate Tectonics and Mountains • Stress and Strain – Folding and Faulting

  3. Continental Movements:Pangea to Now…Super-Continent Cycles

  4. Continental Movements Australia - the fastest moving continent, 6.5 cm / year

  5. Major Plate Boundaries… • Convergent • Divergent • Transform • Hot Spots – not technically a boundary, but cool and interesting none the less

  6. Convergent Plate Boundary • Continent – Continent, Continent – Ocean, and Ocean - Ocean

  7. Convergent Plate Boundary • Continent – Continent, Continent – Ocean, and Ocean - Ocean

  8. Convergent Plate Boundary • Continent – Continent, Continent – Ocean, and Ocean - Ocean Mariana Trench - 35,802 feet deep at the deepest, this is where plates dive into the mantle. That is 8 tons per square inch…

  9. Divergent Plate Boundary • Mid-Ocean Ridges

  10. Divergent Plate Boundary • Mid-Ocean Ridges Generates new ocean sea floor over time - driven by convective currents.

  11. Mid-Atlantic Ridge Divergent Plate Boundary

  12. Oldest ocean floor ~180 million years Divergent Plate Boundary

  13. Transform Boundaries San Andreas Fault

  14. Hot Spots Think: Balloon on a string… Hawaii

  15. Hot Spots Columbia Plateau and Yellowstone

  16. Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building: • Terrain Accretion and Continental Shields • Plate Tectonics and Mountains • - Convergent Boundaries • - Fault Block Mountains • - Isostatic Mountains

  17. Continental Shields Older nucleuses that younger crust (objects like Japan) adheres to are called continental shields and the process is called terrain accretion

  18. Plate Convergence Mountains

  19. Isostatic Mountains - Superstitions Continents behave like wooden blocks in water… Mountains Uplift as they are eroded… Basins depress as they fill…

  20. Isostatic Mountains Old volcanic center erupted 18 million years ago, and collapsed on itself, and then rebounded into the current mountain range Superstition Mountains http://discoverourearth.org/student/isostasy.html

  21. Fault Block Mountains Nevada, US

  22. Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building: • Stress and Strain • Faulting • - Normal Fault • - Reverse Fault • - Strike Slip Fault

  23. My Snickers Stress and Strain Tension Compression Shear Stress - force on the rock; Strain - the resulting response

  24. Types of Faults Your Snickers

  25. a. Slide #1 c. b.

  26. a. Slide #2 c. b.

  27. a. Slide #3 c. b.

  28. a. Slide #4 c. b.

  29. Things to Know: • Alfred Wegner and his early proposal of Continental Drift, but known today as plate tectonics • The energy source that drives plate tectonics • The name for the most recent super continent, Pangea • The major plate boundaries: convergent, divergent, and transform, and also hot spots • Continental shields and terrain accretion • Three ways to generate mountains: convergent plate boundaries, Isostatic, and Fault Block • The difference between stress and strain • Under what circumstances will a rock behave in a ductile or brittle fashion • The major fault types: normal, reverse, and strike slip (be able to diagram them) Help: Chapter TL

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