1. Ancient Human Remains Evaluating the Evidence

2. How are bodies preserved?

3. The Bog Bodies

4. Research Questions Tyler & Jordie (antiquity) Sammie (unlocking the past) • In which country have most of the bodies been found? • What do the bodies have in common? (Table 10.2) • What were Lindow Man’s injuries? (Profile p.113) • Why might these injuries have been done to Lindow man? (Sources, p.114) • Why is the bread in Lindow’s man stomach important? (p.114) • What was Windeby girl wearing? (p.53) • Look at the writing by Tacitus? (p.53) How does this match with the evidence for Windeby girl? • Why were sacrifices often made in lakes and bogs? • What are some possible explanations for the deaths of the bog bodies?

5. Who was Otzi? Evidence conclusions Occupation Grain & wheat in containers Dagger with scabbard Tool sharpener Net of grass strings Health Low level lead pollution High cholesterol Technology Skilfully made copper axe Variety of tools Unfinished bow (yew wood) & arrows Lifestyle Degeneration of bone joints Rib fractures Worn teeth (no decay) Tattoos above joints Backpack Ibex bones (dangerous to hunt) Antibiotic Origins Carbon-Dating Copper Axe Contact with farming village suggested; perhaps shepherd or hunter? Seems used to being away for long periods. Lead pollution – mining/ smelting? Meat diet. Access to advanced technology – weapons/tools Variety of woods/plants Self-sufficient? Active, overuse of joints? Dangerous/violent lifestyle? Meat diet, teeth used for other purposes (toolmaking?) Treatment for joint pain? Used to being away from home/ prepared for wounds Neolithic Age (3360-3040BC)

6. Who was Otzi?