BIOLOGY

1. BIOLOGY • The study of living things • Organism: • living thing

2. Your Job • Take a “Comparing Living and Nonliving Things” Lab • Go to each station and complete the chart on the first page • Use the chart to answer the questions on the other side of the lab

3. Rock

4. Crystal

5. Flashlight

6. Wood

7. Candle

8. Plant

9. Water

10. Earthworm

11. Seed

12. Egg

13. Soil

14. Horseshoe Crab Shell

16. Informal Write-Up • Hypothesis: “If…then…” • Materials: List them • Procedures: what did we do? PAST TENSE • Data: See attached • Conclusion: by doing procedures, what did we find out?

17. The Scientific Method • Universal approach to solving scientific problems

19. Make sure your observations are Quantitative. Something you can count NOT Qualitative Feelings, relative measurements Observations

20. Give me an example of quantitative observation of this picture of the cast of House M.D.

21. Constructing an Experiment • Tests ONLY 1 variable at a time • Independent Variable • What you change in the experiment • Dependent Variable • What change because of the independent Variable • What you measure • Controls (constants) controlled variables • What stays the same in the whole experiment

22. 2 Groups in an Experiment • Control Group • The group that you do nothing new to • Experimental Group • The group with the independent variable • The group you change

24. Smithers thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of workers. He creates two groups of 50 workers each and assigns each group the same task (in this case, they are supposed to staple a set of papers.) Group A is given the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is not given the special juice. After an hour, Smithers counts how many stacks of paper each group has made. Group A made 1,587 stacks, Group B made 2,113 stacks. Control Group Independent Variable Dependent Variable What should Smithers conclusion be? How could this experiment be improved?

25. Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green slime. His friend Barney tells him that coconut juice will get rid of the green slime. Homer decides to check this out by spraying half of the shower with coconut juice and water. He sprays the other half of the shower with water. After 3 days of "treatment" there is no change in the appearance of the green slime on either side of the shower. • 6. What was the initial observation? • 7. Control Group • 8. Independent Variable • 9. Dependent Variable • 10. What should Homer’s conclusion be?

26. Bart believes that mice exposed to microwaves will become extra strong (maybe he's been reading too much Radioactive Man). He decides to perform this experiment by placing 10 mice in a microwave for 10 seconds. He compared these 10 mice to another 10 mice that had not been exposed. His test consisted of a heavy block of wood that blocked the mouse food. He found that 8 out of 10 of the microwaved mice were able to push the block away. 7 out of 10 of the non-microwaved mice were able to do the same. • Control Group • Independent Variable • Dependent Variable • What should Bart’s conclusion be? • How could Bart’s experiment be improved?

27. Krusty was told that a certain itching powder was the newest best thing on the market, it even claims to cause 50% longer lasting itches. Interested in this product, he buys the itching powder and compares it to his usual product. One test subject (A) is sprinkled with the original itching powder, and another test subject (B) was sprinkled with the Experimental itching powder. Subject A reported having itches for 30 minutes. Subject B reported to have itches for 45 minutes. • 16. Control Group • 17. Independent Variable • 18. Dependent Variable • 19. Explain whether the data supports the advertisements claims about its product.

28. Lisa is working on a science project. Her task is to answer the question: "Does Rogooti (which is a commercial hair product) affect the speed of hair growth". Her family is willing to volunteer for the experiment. • Describe how Lisa would perform this experiment. Identify the control group, independent variable and the dependent variable in your description.

29. Make up your own Experiment • You are the manager of a restaurant. Your staff has been complaining that the paper towels your restaurant uses are not absorbent enough and the tables are still dirty after they clean them. You decide to conduct an experiment to help you decide which brand of paper towel will be the best to clean your restaurant.

34. Mega METRIC CONVERSION Kilo Hecta Deka base deci centi milli micro

35. SI UNITS Giga-1,000,000,000,000 Mega-1,000,000,000 Kilo-1,000 Heca-100 Deca-10 Base-1 Deci-0.1 Centi-0.01 Milli-0.001 Micro-0.0000001 Nano-0.0000000001 SI = Système International d'unités International System of Units

36. SI UNITS cont… • Length = meters (m) • Metric Ruler • Volume = liters (L) • Graduated Cylinder • Weight = grams (g) • Triple Beam/ Electronic Balance • Temperature = Celsius (C°) • Thermometer

37. A student hypothesized that lettuce seeds would not germinate unless they were covered with soil. The student planted 10 seeds under a layer of soil and scattered 10 seeds on top of the soil. The data collected are shown in the table below. To improve the reliability of these results, the student should Conclude that darkness is necessary for lettuce seed germination Conclude that light is necessary for lettuce seed germination Revise the hypothesis Repeat the experiment using a larger sample size

38. A student formulated a hypothesis that cotton will grow larger bolls(pods) if magnesium is added to the soil. The student has two experimental fields of cotton, one with magnesium and one without. Which data should be collected to support this hypothesis? • Height of the cotton plants in both fields Diameter of the cotton bolls in both fields Length of the growing season in both fields Color of the cotton bolls in both fields

39. y-axis x-axis Making a Line Graph • Draw your x and y-axis on the graph paper

40. Dependent Variable Independent Variable 2. Label each axis - make sure to include units Mr. Zupans Anger (Redness of his Face) Time Late to Class (sec)

41. Mr. Zupans Anger (Redness of his Face) Time Late to Class (sec) 3. Develop an appropriate scale for each axis 10 8 6 4 2 0 20 40 60 80 100

42. 10 8 6 4 2 0 Mr. Zupans Anger (Redness of his Face) 20 40 60 80 100 Time Late to Class (sec) 4. Plot the Data and surround each point with a small circle

43. 10 8 6 4 2 0 Mr. Zupans Anger (Redness of his Face) 20 40 60 80 100 Time Late to Class (sec) 5. Connects the Points with a ruler

44. 10 8 6 4 2 0 Mr. Zupans Anger (Redness of his Face) 20 40 60 80 100 Time Late to Class (sec) 6. Create a title and Underline Time Late to Class vs. The Redness of Mr.Zupan’s Face

45. 10 8 6 4 2 0 Mr. Zupans Anger (Redness of his Face) 20 40 60 80 100 Time Late to Class (sec) 7. Write a concluding sentence about the data at the bottom of the graph Time Late to Class vs. The Redness of Mr.Zupan’s Face As lateness to Mr. Zupan’s class increases, the redness of Mr. Z’s face also increases

47. A biologist reported success in breeding a tiger with a lion, producing healthy offspring. Other biologists will accept this report as fact only if • Research shows that other animals can be crossbred • The offspring are given a scientific name • The biologist included a control in the experiment Other researchers can replicate the experiment

49. Pulse at rest: X 3 = BPM Pulse at 1 min: X 3 = BPM Pulse at 2 min: X 3 = BPM Pulse at 3 min: X 3 = BPM Pulse at 4 min: X 3 = BPM Pulse at 5 min: X 3 = BPM Independent Variable Dependent Variable

50. Ocular lens Nose Piece Arm Low power objective lens Med. Odj. lens Stage High power obj Stage clips Course adjustment diaphragm Fine adjustment Light source Base