1. pragmatics conversation

2. Parts of conversational analysis 1 • Floor • The right to speak • Turn • The opportunity to speak • Turn-taking • The change of speaker • Local management system • The convention to organize the right to speak • Transition relevance place (TRP) • Any possible change-of-turn point in an interaction

3. Parts of conversational analysis 2 • Overlaps • The competition of the turn • Attributable silence • The absence of talk when a speaker is given the right to speak • Backchannels • Signs to show that the hearer is listening • Yeah, uh-uh, right.

4. How the next turn is taken? • The next turn is taken at TRP. • The end of a structural unit + Pause

5. What if you want to keep talking? • To indicate that there is a larger structure to your turn • There are three points I want to make. First, … • There is more than one way to do this. For example, … • Did you hear about John’s new car? He ..

6. Pre-sequence • Assumption • Self’s face is at risk when the other is involved to accomplish something. • The risk appears to get greater if the other is put in a difficulty position. • How to avoid the risk • Provide an opportunity for the other to stop the potential risky act.

7. Pre-request

8. Pre-announcement

9. Adjacency pairs

10. Adjacency pairs • Automatic pattern of linguistic interaction in a conversation • The utterance of a first part immediately creates an expectation of the utterance of a second part of the same pair. • Failure to produce the second part in response will be treated as a significant absence and hence meaningful.

11. Sequences

12. Insertion sequence: one adjacency pair within another

13. Preference structure • One type of adjacency pairs. • Some sets of adjacency pairs are more likely to occur than other sets of adjacency pairs.

14. Preference structure

16. If a second part is dispreferred, it is marked by certain linguistic devices