1 / 144

World History Chapter 19

Monarchs Build Strong Nation-States. World History Chapter 19. 12/9/2007. 1. Royal Power and Conflict. Major questions How did monarchs build strong nation-states? How did their efforts contribute to disputes and wars?. Peter the Great, Russia. 12/9/2007. 2. Royal Power and Conflict.

jud
Télécharger la présentation

World History Chapter 19

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Monarchs Build Strong Nation-States World HistoryChapter 19 12/9/2007 1

  2. Royal Power and Conflict • Major questions • How did monarchs build strong nation-states? • How did their efforts contribute to disputes and wars? • Peter the Great, • Russia 12/9/2007 2

  3. Royal Power and Conflict • Monarchs tried to • Strengthen the power of the throne • Build up the national economy • Increase military strength • Ivan the Terrible • Ivan the Terrible • Russia 12/9/2007 3

  4. Royal Power and Conflict • French expansion led to wars with • Spain • The Netherlands • Austria • Phillip II • Spain 12/9/2007 4

  5. Royal Power and Conflict • Russian expansion led to wars with • Poland • Sweden • Ottoman Empire • Peter the Great 12/9/2007 5

  6. Spain Section 1 12/9/2007 6

  7. Timeline of Events 12/9/2007 8

  8. Section Theme • Conflict: • Spanish and English monarchs engage in a dynastic struggle 12/9/2007 9

  9. Section Objective • Explain why Philip II and other Spanish monarchs had difficulty ruling the Spanish Empire Philip II 12/9/2007 10

  10. Terms to Define • Absolutism • Divine right • Armada • Inflation 12/9/2007 11

  11. People to Meet • Philip II • The Marranos • The Moriscos • Charles II 12/9/2007 12

  12. Places to Locate • Madrid 12/9/2007 13

  13. Overview • Monarchs of 1500s and 1600s sought to end independence of cities and territories • Monarchs sought absolutism, where loyalty of all peoples were to the monarch • Unlimited power • Ruled by divine right—authority comes from God and responsibility is to God 12/9/2007 14

  14. Overview • Under the theory of absolutism as supported by another theory, divine right, it was believed centralized rule would best serve affairs of state • Better efficiency • Better control 12/9/2007 15

  15. Overview • Hapsburgs of Spain were leading power of Europe • Strength from possessions in Americas and Europe • Tried to increase wealth and prestige, but had great opposition 12/9/2007 16

  16. Philip II • Most powerful monarch in spanish history • Devout Catholic • Defender of the faith • Son of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Isabella of Portugal • Led Spain to costly wars 12/9/2007 17

  17. Philip II • Highly cautious, suspicious, and hard working • Built granite palace • Spent most time working and attending to details • Made all decisions himself 12/9/2007 18

  18. Unrest • Ferdinand of Aragon had married Catherine of Castile • Philip made Castile the center of his empire • People spoke Castilian • Philip hired most leaders from Castile • Leaders from Aragon and other provinces revolted. Although put down, unrest remained 12/9/2007 19

  19. Religious Policy • Philip concerned about religious monorities • The Marranos (Jews converted to Christianity) • The Moriscos (Muslims converted to Christianity) • Philip encourage the Inquisition and personally attended many e, often ending in execution 12/9/2007 20

  20. Religious Policy • The Moriscos revolted, but were defeated • Philip sought to impose Catholicism on Netherlands in 1567 • Long and bloody conflict • Dutch declared their independence in 1581 • England helped the Dutch 12/9/2007 21

  21. Spanish Armada • Philip faced problem with Elizabeth I and Protestant England • She helped Protestant rebels in the Netherland • After 2 years preparation, Philip sent armada of 130 ships and 33,000 men to attack England • The English ships, more maneuverable and possessing long range cannon, prevailed 12/9/2007 22

  22. Spanish Armada • Forced to retreat to the North Sea where storms help to sink 40 ships and drown 15,000 men 12/9/2007 23

  23. Last of the Spanish Hapsburgs • Defeat of the armada marked the decline of Spain as European power • Wars drained treasury • Forced to borrow money • Inflation took toll • Industry and agriculture declined 12/9/2007 24

  24. Last of the Spanish Hapsburgs • Philip’s sons, Philip III and Philip IV, were not equipped to handle Spain’s problems • Delegated problems to nobles • Built lavish homes and hid behind them • Philip IV renewed war with the Dutch and was in conflicts with Germany and France 12/9/2007 25

  25. Last of the Spanish Hapsburgs • People were overburdened and many revolted • Portugal, long an part of Spain, succeeded in getting independence • Philip IV’s son, Charles II, was physically and mentally weak • Married, but had no children • With no heirs to the Spanish throne, European monarchs plotted for control 12/9/2007 26

  26. England Section 2 12/9/2007 27

  27. Section Focus • How did Tudor monarchs influence English and European affairs? 12/9/2007 28

  28. Timeline of Events 12/9/2007 29

  29. Section Theme • Change • Tudor monarchs bring stability and prosperity to England 12/9/2007 30

  30. Terms to Define • Gentry • Yeoman • Balance of power 12/9/2007 31

  31. People to Meet • Henry VII • Henry VIII • Elizabeth I • William Shakespeare 12/9/2007 32

  32. Places to Locate • Scotland • Ireland 12/9/2007 33

  33. Overview • England developed strong monarchy • Tudor dynasty • Ruled 1485 to 1603 • Brought unity to country • Hardworking, able, popular • Expanded authority of crown • Parliament and courts of law set bounds • English monarchs not as absolute as others 12/9/2007 34

  34. Early Tudors • Henry VII, first Tudor monarch • Crowned after War of the Roses • Shrewd at disarming rivals • Formed gentry of aristocracy and merchant classes • Title given them to form a new aristocracy 12/9/2007 35

  35. Early Tudors • Henry VII • Encouraged trade • Promoted improved collection of taxes • Carefully watched government spending • Avoided war • Diplomacy • Marriages 12/9/2007 36

  36. Henry VIII • Most powerful of all Tudor monarchs • Fought wars on European continent • Made navy powerful 12/9/2007 37

  37. Henry VIII • Sought male heir • Married six times • Worked with Parliament to reach personal goals and break with Catholic Church 12/9/2007 38

  38. Henry VIII • House of Commons increased its power by working with Henry • Henry seized monastery lands and sold them to wealthy landowners 12/9/2007 39

  39. Edward VI and Mary I • Edward VI, Henry’s son • Inherited the throne at age 9 • Died shortly thereafter • Protestant nobles move to stop Edward’s Catholic half-sister from succession 12/9/2007 40

  40. Edward VI and Mary I • English people originally supported Mary • Mary’s Catholic policies soon offended English • Married King Philip of Spain • Many thought Spain would control England • Restored Catholicism • Had 300 Protestants burned at the stake • At Philip’s urging, Mary involved England in war with France

  41. Edward VI and Mary I • Due to war with France, England lost Calais • Mary died childless • Throne passed to Protestant half-sister, Elizabeth

  42. Elizabeth I • Became queen at age of 25 in 1558 • Shrewd, educated, forceful • “Sparks flew” with Parliament • Traveled extensively throughout kingdom on “how goes it” tours • Entertained by nobles at their castles

  43. Elizabeth I • Reigned during great cultural period • Renaissance • Theater flourished—William Shakespeare • English transformed into a language of beauty, grace, vigor, and clarity

  44. Marriage • People expected Elizabeth to marry and her husband would rule • People thought rule was beyond capability of women • Learned from sister Mary not to marry foreign prince • Marrying English noble would cause jealousies among nobles • Refused to give up her power

  45. Court and Government • Elizabeth assisted by local council of nobles • Drafted proclamations, handled foreign relations, etc. • Assisted by small staff of bureaucrats • Parliament could not initiate legislation, but could withhold approval • Enforcing queen’s law fell to justices of the peace • Rural landowning classes • Collected taxes, maintained peace, volunteers

  46. Social and Economic Policy • Elizabeth believed in social rank • Queen and her court • Landed nobility • Gentry (lesser nobles, merchants, lawyers, clergy etc.) • Yeoman (farmers, small landholdings, laborers)

  47. Social and Economic Policy • Government laws and policies regulated lives • Statute of Apprentices of 1563 declared work to be social and moral duty • Must live and work where born • Controlled movement of people • Fixed wages • Regulated apprentices

  48. Social and Economic Policy • The Poor Laws of 1597 • Local areas responsible for their homeless and unemployed • Means to raise money for charity and provide work

  49. Social and Economic policy • Elizabeth inherited debt • Spent lavishly on her court • Showed restraint in other areas • To raise money, she sold lands, offices, licenses, monopolcies, etc., but didn’t help much • Forced to go to Parliament for help • Reign ended in debt

More Related