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Understanding Cell Organelles: Structure and Function Explained

This overview explores the fundamental components of cell organelles, detailing their structures and functions. It covers the cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, flagella, nucleus, DNA, ribosomes, cell wall, vacuoles, and lysosomes, explaining what they are made of and their roles in cellular activities. Key topics include the cytoplasm's role as a medium for metabolic activities, the nucleus's function in safeguarding DNA, and the various protections and storage capabilities of the cell wall and vacuoles. This guide is essential for understanding cellular biology.

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Understanding Cell Organelles: Structure and Function Explained

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  1. Cell Organelles p. 171-183

  2. Cytoplasm – what is it made of? • Mainly water • Nutrients (proteins, sugars, lipids, salts, amino acids), nucleotides, enzymes, & more

  3. Cytoplasm – what does it do? • Site of most cellular metabolic activities • Medium for cell contents

  4. Cytoskeleton – what is it made of? • Microfilaments or microtubules • These are long chains of proteins

  5. Cytoskeleton – what does it do? • Maintain a cell’s shape • Move organelles around the cell

  6. Flagella – what are they made of? • Microtubules (chains of proteins)

  7. Flagella – what do they do? • Movement (whip-like propellers)

  8. Nucleus – what is it made of? • Phospholipid bilayer with DNA inside

  9. Nucleus – what does it do? • Protects DNA

  10. DNA – what is it made of? Nucleotides

  11. DNA – what does it do? • Contains hereditary (genetic) info • Instructions for making proteins

  12. Ribosomes – what are they made of? • RNA (nucleic acid)

  13. Ribosomes – what do they do? • Make proteins

  14. Cell wall – what is it made of? • In plants: Cellulose (polysaccharide / starch, which is a carb) • In bacteria: protein & carbs

  15. Cell Wall – what does it do? • Protection • Maintains the cell’s shape

  16. Vacuole – what is it made of? • Phospholipid bilayer with stored materials inside

  17. Vacuole – what does it do? • Storage: • Water • Salts • Proteins • Lipids • Carbs

  18. Lysosome – what is it made of? • Phospholipid bilayer with enzymes (proteins) inside

  19. Lysosome – what does it do? • Recycles: • Debris • Nutrients (carbs, lipids, proteins) • Old organelles

  20. Review • Which organelles are found in all cells? • Which organelles contain carbs? • Which organelles contain proteins? • Which organelles contain nucleic acids? • Which organelles are membrane-bound? • Which organelle contains enzymes? • Which organelles provide protection? • Which organelles help make proteins? • Which organelles help with transport or movement? • Are all cells the same?

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