1. Biochemistry Notes You are what you eat!?

2. Chemistry – study of what substances are made of and how they change and combine. • Each different kind of atom is a • different element. • Examples of elements: • C – Carbon H – Hydrogen • O – Oxygen N – Nitrogen • Two or more elements combine to • make a compound. • Examples of compounds – • H2O, CO2, HCl, NaCl

3. Compounds are classified into 2 groups: 1. Inorganic Compounds – come from nonliving substances (In = notOrganic = living) • Ex: H2O is the universal solvent because of its bent molecular shape and polarity. Water dissolves other polar compounds by pulling them apart like a magnet separates metals. Positive and negative ends like the poles of a magnet. *70-80% of your body is water 2. Organic Compounds – come from livingsubstances

4. Biochemistry – study of the chemistry of living organisms • All organic compounds will have the element carboninthem Exception: CO2 is not organic (CO2 is not composed of living substances.) • Organic compounds are usually complex compounds with • many atoms in their structure. Ex: Glucose – C6H12O6 • Four kinds of organic compounds: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Proteins 3. Lipids 4. Nucleic acids – DNA and RNA

5. Note: ***Polysaccharides are composed of monosaccharides bonded together.Polysaccharides must be first broken down to monosaccharides forcellsto use as energy.

6. Carbohydrates • Structural Formula of Monosaccharide:

8. Proteins Structural Formula of Amino Acid:

9. General Structure of Amino Acid Alanine Serine

10. Protein Amino Acids

12. Lipids Structural Formula of Lipid:

13. Nucleic Acids

14. Enzymes • Catalyst—substance that accelerates the rate of a • chemical reaction Ex: hydrogen peroxide being broken down intowater and oxygen H2O2 H2O + O2 add catalase for FASTER REACTION! • Enzyme – a kind of catalyst found only in living things • Enzymes are proteins • Enzymes change only the speed of the reaction • Enzymes are never used up in a reaction, so they can be used • over and over • Enzymes are specific for the reaction they catalyze Ex: Saltines and amylase Starch Sugar • Enzymes allow digestion to occur faster; otherwise the • hamburger you ate last week might still be in your stomach! • By using enzymes to break chemical bonds in food molecules, • organisms release energy for life processes