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Exploring Evolutionary Relationships Through Gene Analysis

In this lab exercise, we investigate the evolutionary relationships of various species by analyzing gene sequences. Students will conduct BLAST searches to identify the most likely source organism for given gene sequences, creating a cladogram that visually represents these relationships. The data collected will include species information, maximum scores, E values, and nucleotide counts. Through this process, participants will explore molecular evolution, protein functionality in humans, and what shared genes reveal about evolutionary history.

june
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Exploring Evolutionary Relationships Through Gene Analysis

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  1. Evolution Lab

  2. Pre Lab Exercise: • 1. Name/Title/ Partners/ Date • 2. Observations • 3. Hypothesis- cladogram w/explanation • 4. Data: Species/Max Score/ E value/ number of nucleotides in sequence • First species for each gene • Make data table

  3. Results: In addition to the Analyzing Results questions on page S48 (1-4): • 1. How long is the sequence that was used to search the database? • Hint: This sequence is called the "query" sequence because you used it to ask a question (or query) of the database. • 2. What organism was the most likely source of the sequence? • Hint: Refer to the BLAST tutorial to find an overview of the GenBank nucleotide record. If more than one organism matches, look at the E values to determine the most likely match. • 3. What is the common name for this organism? • Hint: Refer to the GenBank nucleotide record. It may also help to look at the Taxonomy database.

  4. Conclusion: • Cladogramincluding fossil specimen. • Conclusion paragraph discussing whether or not your data/ conclusion supports your hypothesis.

  5. Lab Format: • 1. Title/Partners • 2. Objectives • 3. Background

  6. Lab Format: • 4. Procedure(s) • 5. Materials • 6. Data- reference some of the max scores and E values from your BLAST results

  7. Lab Format: • Results: Part Two • What is the function in humans of the protein produced from that gene? • Would you expect to find the same protein in other organisms? • Is it possible to find the same gene in two different kinds of organisms but not find the protein that is produced from that gene?

  8. Lab Format: • Results: Part Two (continued): • If you found the same gene in all organisms you test, what does this suggest about the evolution of this gene in the history of life on earth? • Does the use of DNA sequences in the study of evolutionary relationships mean that other characteristics are unimportant in such studies?

  9. Lab Format: • 8. Conclusion:

  10. Additional genes to research: • Fox P2 (Forkhead box P2)- language • Melanocortin receptor gene- skin color • Phi-hHaA gene- associated with hair- produces keratin in chimps and gorillas but not in humans • Microcephalin- brain size • ASPM- brain size

  11. More Genes: • Supersonic Hedgehog- embryonic body plan • Noggin- body organization – body axis • BMP-4- bottom genes • Hox- HomeoBox genes- body plan(segmentation)

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