COA Decision Brief 23 AUG 2002 COS, COL MARK KOH

1. COA Decision Brief23 AUG 2002COS, COL MARK KOH BLUE SINGA

2. PurposeCOA Decision Briefing • To present staff conclusions from COA Analysis and COA comparison to the CCTF • To facilitate the CCTF’s COA decision making and recommend the selection of a military COA to the CCTF

3. Agenda • Review on: • CTF Mission Statement • Crisis Situation • Higher Commander’s Intent • CPG Guidance • C2 Structure • Forces Available • COA Statement/Sketch • Staff Estimates from Respective Functional Groups

4. COA 1 Minimum Military Footprint Briefer MAJ Koch

5. CPG-1 Guidance Minimum Military Footprint • Heavy SOF, CMO, and involvement of smaller regional nations • Heavy HA, IO, PA, media campaign • Establish functional composite subordinate Task Forces (TF) - (TF med, TF LOG, TF Security, etc.) • Strong border regime or Military Exclusion Zone (MEZ) - CPG make recommendation • Critical infrastructure repair & CA projects on Tindoro • Full integration of Multinational Forces

6. COA 1 STATEMENT NO EARLIER THAN 28 AUG 02, CTF GOODWILL, ORGANIZED INTO SUBORDINATE FUNCTIONAL TASK FORCES, CONDUCTS PKO AND FACILITATES HA IN THE TINDORO AO TO ESTABLISH A SECURE AND STABLE ENVIRONMENT PER UNSCR 147, BY HEAVY EMPHASIS ON CIVIL MILITARY AND INFORMATION OPERATIONS, THEREBY REDUCING THE MILITARY FOOTPRINT.

7. Command and Control Structure CCTF 1 X Air Mob Spt Sqn 1 X TALCE 24 X C-130/160 2 X C-5 4 X C-17 1 X KC-135 IL-76 MDX DIRMOBFOR CCC TF LOG/ MED TF SOF TF INFO OPS TF ENG TF SEC 1 X SOF HQ 1 X TSOAC 2 X MC-130H(RFF) 2 X MC-130P(RFF) 1 X SOAR (RFF) 1 X ODB 6 X ODA 1 x RTA SF Det 1 X MSSG (60 days then RFF) 1 X Field Log Spt Staff 1 X Army Log Coy 1 X Army Spt Group 1 X Army Surg Unit 1 X Surgical Team 4 X Medical Team 1 X Air Evac Plt 1 X PSYOP Coy 1 X JPOTF 1 X JPOTF PDC 1 X TPD 980 HQ 1 X Eng Bn 2 X Eng Coy 1 X Eng Plt 3 X ROWPU 1 X Eng Coy (60 days) 11 X Inf Bns 5 X MP Coy 1 X Civ Pol Coy 1 X FFG 4 X HC-3 Helos 2 X CH-47 TF CA 1 X CA BDE (-)

8. COA # 1 This phase starts with the Warning Order. The purpose is to stand-up the CTF,assess the situation and create conditions to conduct Operation Blue Singa. The main effort is establishing the CTF and deploying the LNOs to each Host Nation. This phase ends on the first deployment date (C-day). PHASE 1: Pre-Deployment CTF HQ: (ME) Advance Party, Liaison Officers (LNO) to Host Nations and SRSG rep. Issue Prepare to Deploy (PTD) order. Establish CCC TF CA: CMO assessment TF SEC: Pre-deployment training TF SOF: Intel gathering, LNO TF Eng: Engineer Assessment TF LOG: Log pre-deployment planning and assessment. TF IO: Media campaign. Establish favorable condition CTF HQ (NZ)

9. COA # 1 This phase starts upon the initial deployment of forces. The purpose is to deploy forces to CTF Goodwill Area of Operation (AO) and posture forces in Tindoro to conduct Operation Blue Singa. The main effort is the inter-theatre force projection and deployment and staging of CTF into Tindoro. This phase ends when TF SEC is ready and capable to engage in mandate enforcement. PHASE 2: Lodgement CTF HQ: Deploys to Hobart. Establish Command/Control/ Communication over MNF. TF CA: Complete assessment. Establish liaison with NGO/IO TF SEC: Force Protection hand-over from UNMOG and coordination with Host Nation TF SOF: Assess Host Nation police CT capability to establish training program TF Eng: Establish CTF infrastructure TF LOG: (ME) Establish APOD/SPOD. Combat Service Support (CSS) set-up. TF IO: Conduct IO DIRMOBFOR: Airlift support CTF HQ

10. COA # 1 PHASE 3: Mandate Enforcement TF CA: Maintain liaison with and commence support for IO/NGO in HA TF SEC: (ME) Show of presence and separation of belligerents by establishing Military Exclusion Zone (MEZ). Coord the protect of vital assets. Supervision of cantonment areas. TF SOF: Gather intelligence. Facilitate Host Nations police and security forces training as requested. TF Eng: Lines of Comm (LOC) and emergency infrastructure repairs in support of CA as requested TF LOG: CSS and medical support to CTF and be prepared to assist HA efforts as required TF IO: Continue IO and media campaign with emphasis on restoration of stability DIRMOBFOR: Coordinates re-supply MEZ CTF HQ This phase starts when forces are postured and chopped, UNMOG has turned-over to CTF and MEZ declared. The purpose is to establish and maintain a secure environment in collaboration with HN and Civilian Agencies. The main effort is to establish the presence of the CTF and separate the two belligerents with priority to the MEZ, the two enclaves, and vital installations. This phase ends when the Host Nation or Competent Authority is capable and willing to take up CTF responsibilities.

11. COA # 1 This phase starts when CTF begins to transition to HN and Civilian Agencies. The purpose is to hand-off operations to HN and Civilian Agencies. The main effort is coordinating and transferring operations to HN and Civilian Agencies. This phase ends when all transition is complete. PHASE 4: Transition CTF HQ: Coordinating transition to HN and Competent Authority. TF CA: Coordinate support for HA and Engineering TF SEC: (ME) Coordinate/ transfer to Host Nations (HN) agencies and draw down presence TF SOF: Draw down Counter-Terrorism training and transition to Foreign Internal Defense (FID) TF Eng: Change focus from supporting security mission to HA TF LOG: Continue CSS/ Medical support and conduct redeployment planning TF IO: Media Campaign DIRMOBFOR: Coordinating re-deployment plans and assets MEZ CTF HQ

12. COA # 1 This phase starts when forces begin to re-deploy. The purpose is re-deploy CTF forces. The main effort is the timely exit of CTF forces and transfer of authority back to Contributing Nations. This phase ends when the last unit re-deploys. PHASE 5: Redeployment CTF HQ: Oversees Redeployment DIRMOBFOR: (ME) Coordinate re-deployment of forces All TFs: Re-deploy MEZ CTF HQ

13. Addressing the Centre of Gravity • Most acceptable to the population • Minimal military footprint • Heavy emphasis on facilitating HA • Least interference with the sovereign states • Leverages on Info Ops as key arbitrator of conflicts • Most economical

14. COA 2 Heavy Military Footprint Maj JIM ‘Spicy’ ERB

15. CPG-2 Guidance Heavy Military Footprint • Establish MEZ along TEMASEK Agreement border • Demilitarization • Heavy mil-police security • Full integration of MNF • Establish CCMOTF to conduct HA & NGO support, Civil Military Operations (CMO) and support to SRSG

16. Assumptions • Advance party can be deployed in AOR before 28 Aug 02. • Country allow air corridors to be used • Government of both countries will support UN sanction • All SPOD & APOD will be available throughout the operation • MNF will be able to move freely within the AOR • All ports are capable to handle all goods to be brought by MNF • All ports are navigable by ships • All harbour & sea area is safe for MNF movement

17. COA-2 STATEMENT The CTF will use a heavy military footprint in order to establish a secure and stable environment, by force if necessary, in North and South Tindoro. We will accomplish this through the full integration of the MNF in order to establish a MEZ along the TEMASEK Agreement border, to conduct and enforce demilitarization and to establish a heavy mil-police security. We will also establish CMOTF to facilitate the conduct of HA and NGO support, Civil Military Operations (CMO) and support the SRSG. Upon accomplishment of the enforcement phase of our mandate, we will conduct stability operations and perform post crisis transition of our operations to Host Nation responsibilities. Upon completion of transition the CTF will redeploy to home stations. The operation will be conducted 6 phases.

18. Command and Control • Forces Available • 8 INF BN, 2 USMC INF BN, 3 INF CO • 3 ROWPU units • 5 Engineer CO • 4 Medical teams, 2 surgical teams • 2 logistic units • 1 comms unit (only 60 days) • 1 SF GP, 1 SF Det • 6 MP CO • 1 BDE HQ • 1 DIV HQ (CTF HQ) • 1 PSYOP BN

19. AOR

20. COA #2 This phase starts on order. The purpose is to prepare all forces for deployment, to gather information and to establish staging bases for the deployment. The main effort is with Joint Log CC to facilitate RSOI. TOA will take place when NCE’s declare that staging is complete This phase ends when RSOI established. MOE: 80% of Forces ready for deployment PHASE 1: Build-up / Pre-deployment CTF HQ (Christchurch): Planning CFLCC: Prep for deployment Establish bases for Forces Conduct RSOI CFACC : Prep for deployment CFMCC : Prep for deployment Joint Log CC : Establish APOD/SPOD CSOTG : Conduct task in support of IO CCMOTG : Support of IO CPOTG : Conduct of Psy Ops in support of IO

21. COA #2 This phase starts when TCC Forces arrive in AOR. The purpose is secure foothold. The main effort is CTG LCC . This phase ends when all troops arrive. MOE CTF assets available for operation. PHASE 2: Deployment CTF HQ: Establish FWB at Hobart and Launcesteon Execute mission Hand-off with UNMOG CFLCC: Deployment of troops Conduct RSOI CFACC : Conduct Air Mobility Operation CFMCC : Conduct Maritime Mobility Operation Deployment of Ships Joint Log CC : Coordination with host nations CSOTG : Conduct task in support of IO CCMOTG : Establishing FWB for liaison Support of IO CPOTG : Conduct Psy Ops in support of IO

22. COA #2 MEZ PHASE 3: Mandate Enforcement CTF HQ: Execute mission Hand-off with UNMOG CFLCC: Occupy and establish border regime (MEZ) Conduct RSOI Separation of hostile factions Provide security/presence at DP camps associated with militia and terrorist activity CFACC : Conduct Air Mobility Operation in support of LCC CFMCC : Conduct Maritime Mobility Operation Deployment of Ships Joint Log CC : Coordination with host nations CSOTG : Conduct task in support of IO CMOTG : Support of IO Coordination and liaison with NGOs/IOs/UN SRSG Facilitate humanitarian assistance Facilitate reintegration of DPs to respective communities Management of CMOC CPOTG : Conduct Psy Ops in support of IO Phase 4 prep (stability Ops) This phase starts when TCC forces have commenced operations. The purpose is to implement the enforcement phase of the mandate. The main effort is CFLCC. This phase ends when all enforcement actions are in place. MOE CTF assets has put in place all enforcement actions

23. COA #2 PHASE 4: Stabilization CTF HQ: Occupation of FWB at Hobart and Launcesteon CFLCC: Conduct RSOI Maintain / Enforce border regime (MEZ) Provide security/presence at DP camps associated with militia and terrorist activity Facilitate development of DP routes and their security Facilitate transport of DPs as necessary CFACC : Conduct Air Mobility Operation in support of LCC CFMCC : Conduct Maritime Mobility Operation Joint Log CC : Coordination with Host Nations CSOTG : Conduct task in support of IO CMOTG : Support of IO Coordination and liaison with NGOs/IOs/UN SRSG Con’t to facilitate humanitarian assistance Con’t to facilitate reintegration of DPs to respective communities Con’t to facilitate CivPol in Police trg when requested CPOTG : Conduct Psyops in support of IO Facilitate external news media coverage Phase 5 prep (Post Crisis) MEZ

24. COA #2 This phase starts when threats have been subsided. The purpose is to establish a secure and stable environment. The main effort is CFLCC. This phase ends with the establishment of a conducive environment for reintegration of DPs. MOE Environment is stable and safe. PHASE 4: Stabilization (Cont.)

25. COA #2 This phase starts when a secure and stable environment has been established. The purpose is to ensure smooth transition of responsibilities to host nations. The main effort is CCMOTG. This phase ends when transition to host nations is complete. MOE Ability of host nations to provide a safe and stable environment. PHASE 5: Post Crisis Joint Log CC : Coordination with host nations Prepare for re-deployment CSOTG : Conduct task in support of IO Prepare for re-deployment CCMOTG : Support of IO Con’t to facilitate humanitarian assistance Con’t to facilitate reintegration of DPs to respective communities Con’t to facilitate CivPol in Police trg when requested Prepare for re-deployment Management of CMOC CPOTG : Conduct of Psy Ops in support of IO Facilitate external news media coverage Prepare for re-deployment CTF HQ: Occupation of FWB at Hobart and Launcesteon Execute mission handoff from MNF to host nations Planning for re-deployment CFLCC: Maintain security/presence at DP camps associated with militia and terrorist activity Con’t to facilitate development of DP routes and their security Con’t to facilitate transport of DPs as necessary Prepare to h/o security responsibilities(including MEZ) to host nations Prepare for re-deployment CFACC : Conduct Air Mobility Operation Prepare for re-deployment CFMCC : Conduct Maritime Mobility Operation Prepare for re-deployment

26. COA #2 This phase starts when transition has been accomplished. The purpose is to return forces back to home stations. The main effort is CTF HQ. This phase ends when all TCCs have departed N. / S. Tindoro. MOE All TCCs have departed N. / S. Tindoro. PHASE 6: Redeployment CTF HQ: Execute re-deployment plans CFLCC: Re-deployment CFACC : Re-deployment CFMCC : Re-deployment JLCC : Re-deployment MEZ

27. COA 2 Advantages and Disadvantages • Advantages – • More security & stability • Strong Deterrence Effect • Disadvantages – • Strong military presence may result in friction with NGOs/IOs/Populace

28. COA Decision Criteria (5) • Security Response • Synergy with HA effort • Coalition Building • Flexibility of Plan • Sustainability

29. COA ANALYSIS BY COMPONENT COMMAND GROUPS

30. CFLCC

31. CFACC • Phase 1 • WARNOR change to execute order • Phase 2 • Air mobility assets in place to accept strategic airlift • Arrival of marine tactical aviation • Contingency Plan – Backup APOD of Launceston & Warrnaubool • Phase 3, 4 & 5 • Start of helo ops to support the MEZ • Ability to begin tactical airlift ops • Departure of marine tactical aviation • Phase 6 • When are all assets out of AOR?

32. CFMCC • Phase 1 • All ships sail out to AOR. • Phase 2 • Ships arrive in AOR; selected ports for N Tindoro: Launceston - priority 1, Macquarie Harbour - priority 2; for S Tindoro: Hobart - priority 1, Dover - priority 2 • Secure harbour for MNF landing • Phase 3 • Transportation of troops to different locations • Deployment of US marine in N and S Tindoro • UK frigate deploy between Samagaland and N Tindoro • Australian LCT deploy in N Tindoro • M’sia LCT – one in N Tindoro, one in S Tindoro • Phase 4 & 5 • Assisting in HA & movement of DPs • Phase 6 • Boarding of troops and return to home stations

33. CSOTG • Phase 1 • Conduct Special Recon(SR)and coalition support (CS) • Critical event is deployment of SF Group and gaining operational capability within 2 weeks arrival • Phase 2 • Continue SR and CS missions • Critical event is gathering information on CCTF PIR and CCIR • Phase 3 & 4 • Continue SR and CS missions • Critical event is monitor MEZ for violations and answering the CCIR and PIR • Phase 5 • End SR and CS missions • Begin to redeploy to staging area • Critical event is providing adequate information to CCTF while redeploying • Phase 6 • Complete redeployment to home station • Issue: Request for authority to deploy CSOTG forces into country prior to 28 Aug

34. CMOTG • Phase 1 • Identify prob locations of CMOCC and other detachment • No info on NGOs/IOs deployed on the ground • Contingency plan – Change of pre-identified location for easy deployment • Phase 2 • Temp establishment of CMOC that might be moved after info gathered • No comms estab. with NGOs & IOs. • Request from NGOs & IOs exceed our capabilities • Contingency plan – Prioritise the request from NGOs and IOs by areas • Phase 3 & 4 • Sustain facilitating activities with NGOs for DPs and HA • Routes of movement DPs not secured • Contingency plan – Request assistance from CFLCC • Phase 5 • Develop indicators to identify best COA to h/o to local authorities • Local authorities not ready to t/o

35. CPOTG/IO • Phase 1 • Change in consent by one or more parties • Action by Coalition force to cause loss of creditability or legitimacy of CTF operations • Compromise of CTF plans or orders. • Phase 2 • Change by general populace in acceptance of CTF • Compromise of CTF plans or orders. • Phase 3, 4 & 5 • Host Nation changes acceptance • Loss of creditability • Phase 6 • Host Nation security posture changes

36. Joint Log CC Phase 1 - Access to APOD & SPOD denied Contingency plan – Identify alternative landing sites Phase 2 – Some countries arrive late, scheduling disrupted, confusion - Military threat Contingency plan – Prepare rescheduling plans effectively Phase 3 – Disruption to resupply due to: poor weather, flooding, expired UN contracts, terrorist actions - Mass casualty situation Contingency plan – Identify alternative means & routes of resupply e.g. airlift, sealift - Refer back to SOFA for new UN contracts - Prioritizing of in-coming & out-going flights Phase 4 – Overwhelming request for assistance by NGOs/Ios (e.gt. Food, water & transport) Contingency plan – Prioritize assets within units - Same risks as P3 Phase 5 & Phase 6 – No significant critical event

37. REVIEW ON COA # 3LTC KISHIKAWA BLUE SINGA

38. CTF MISSIONSTATEMENT Coalition Task Force GOODWILL will deploy a multinational force no earlier than 28 August 02 (C-Day), to conduct peacekeeping operations in North and South Tindoro, in accordance with UNSCR 147, to create the conditions necessary for the governments of North and South Tindoro to maintain a secure and stable environment.

39. CRISIS SITUATION • Threats • Terrorism • Operating from Displaced persons (DP) camps in Queenstown and the Fingal enclave. • Poor law & order (Banditry) • Direct impact on relief operations • Aggression from opposing military forces • Still deployed along border • Poor humanitarian conditions • May be exploited by terrorists & bandits • Cause low morale • Economy affected by war

40. HIGHER CDR’S INTENT I intend for CTF GOODWILL to conduct peacekeeping operations in support of UNSCR 147, by providing a secure and stable environment in North and South Tindoro, so that the inhabitants can rebuild their lives, economies, and social institutions in peace.

41. CPG-3 Guidance Sector Establishment • Sector assignment of participating forces • Plan for smooth coordination of NGO / HA support • Security patrols / demilitarization • Coordinate reintegration of DPs across sectors and borders • Strong border regime or MEZ - CPG make recommendation • Minimize inefficiencies created by force structure • Determine optimum logistic support

42. Lead Nation CTF Component Organization Functional Component & Task Force Commander Coalition / Combined Task Force (CCTF) CIB CCCC CMOC CFACC CFLCC CFMCC Amphibious Commander Logistics Component Commander

43. Force List • 8 IN BN, 1 USMC IN BN, 3 IN CO • 3 ROWPU units • 5 Engineer CO • 4 Medical teams, 2 surgical teams • 2 logistic units • 1 comms unit (only 60 days) • 1 SF BN, 1 SF Det • 6 MP CO • 1 BDE HQ • 1 DIV HQ (CTF HQ) • 1 PSYOP BN

44. COA Statements • Purpose: I will form a multinational force to help create conditions necessary to establish a secure and stable environment in North and South Tindoro. All of our actions in keeping hostile forces apart, assisting with HA and return of DPs, must be focused towards this end. • Method: I will commence this operation no earlier than 28 Aug 02. I will conduct this operation in 5 phases (pre-crisis response, lodgment, enforcement of mandate, stabilization & transition, post-crisis).

45. Phase 1 - Pre-Crisis Response This phase starts with the Warning Order. The purpose is to stand-up the CTF, assess the situation and create conditions to conduct Operation Blue Singa. The main effort will be assessment of the situation, deployment of Liaison Officers, and preparation for Lodgment (Phase II), including confirmation of CROE, and other interoperatability issues. The focus of our Info Ops will be the reinforcement of concurrence with the host nations. This phase ends on the first deployment date (C-day) No Earlier Than (NET) 28 Aug 02. PHASE 1: Pre-Crisis CTF HQ: Assessment teams (AT)/Liaison Officers (LO) in theater, commence Info Ops in preparation for CTF HQ and CMOC to be in Hobart by end of Phase I CFLCC: LO with AT and HQ, Prepare for Lodgment CFMCC: LO with AT and HQ, Prepare for Lodgment CFACC: LO with AT and HQ, Prepare for Lodgment AMPHIBCDR: LO with AT and HQ, Complete embarkation plan LogCC: LO with AT and HQ, Prepare for Lodgment

46. COA # 3Phase 2 - Lodgement This phase starts upon the initial deployment of forces. The purpose is to deploy forces to CTF Goodwill Area of Operation (AO), and posture forces in Tindoro to conduct Operation Blue Singa. The main effort will be the deployment and consolidation of forces, and the cooperation with other agencies. This phase ends upon the establishment of the CTF in Tindoro. PHASE 2: Lodgement CTF HQ: Continue Info Ops and immediately establish Forward Command Element (FCE), CMOC, CIB and CCCC at Hobart. CFLCC: Deploy into sectors, prepare QRF, and establish SPODs/APODs, and receive handoff from UNMOG by sector. CFMCC: Establish Sea Lines of Communication CFACC: Establish Air Lines of Communication AMPHIBCDR: Move to AOR, prepare QRF. LogCC: Support deployment

47. COA # 3 Phase 3 – Mandate Enforcement CTF HQ: Continue Info Ops CFLCC: Conduct PKO by sector CFMCC: Control patrolling in sea sectors CFACC: General support AMPHIBCDR: Maintain QRF and assist as required LogCC: Maintain support This phase starts when forces are postured and in assigned sectors and UNMOG has turned-over to CTF. The purpose is to establish the credibility of the CTF and separate the two belligerents. The main effort is the establishing of a Military Exclusion Zone (MEZ) to separate the two belligerents. This phase ends when the belligerents are separated, no further cross border incursions occur, and formal border regimes are in place.

48. COA # 3 Phase 4 –Stabilization and Transition This phase starts when the CTF has gained control of the security situation, allowing the CTF to reinforce where possible, the capacity of the NGOs, IOs, and host nations to provide humanitarian assistance. My main effort will be the sustainment of the mandate. This phase ends when transition is complete. CTF HQ: Facilitate HA, transition CFLCC: Facilitate HA, transition CFMCC: Facilitate HA, transition CFACC: Facilitate HA, transition AMPHIBCDR: Facilitate HA, transition LogCC: Facilitate HA, transition

49. COA # 3 Phase 5 - Redeployment This phase starts when a secure and stable environment can be sustained by the host nations without CTF assistance, and the handoff is complete. The purpose is to re-deploy CTF forces. The main effort is the redeployment of CTF forces. This phase ends when the last unit re-deploys. CTF HQ: Redeploy CFLCC: Redeploy CFMCC: Redeploy CFACC: Redeploy AMPHIBCDR: Redeploy LogCC: Redeploy

50. COA Comparison Coalition Planning Group (CPG) Co-leaders LTC Lee and CPT Snyder