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Understanding mRNA Function and Ribosome Mechanics in Protein Synthesis

This article explores the role of mRNA, tRNAs, ribosomes, and the intricate processes of protein synthesis. Key components like open reading frames, codons, and charging of tRNAs by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are outlined. We delve into the structure of tRNA, highlighting its acceptor arm, anticodon loop, and unique bases such as pseudouridine and methyluracil. Furthermore, the function of ribosomes in translating mRNA and their presence as polyribosomes is discussed, illustrating the efficiency of protein production in cells.

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Understanding mRNA Function and Ribosome Mechanics in Protein Synthesis

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  1. Translation Cien años de soledad One hundred years of solitude AUGGGGUUUGGC MGUG polypeptide mRNA

  2. What’s needed? mRNA tRNAs ribosome

  3. open reading frame mRNA many aa codons cap UAG AUG (A)n size usually 500 - 5000 nt

  4. tRNA acceptor arm about 80 nt contains unusual bases pseudouracil () D loop dihydrouracil (D)  loop (T) methyluracil anticodon loop Kenyon College

  5. Essential Biochemistry Wiley Kenyon College Thinkquest

  6. amino acid aa tRNA synthetase charging of tRNAs aminoacyl tRNA carboxyl group of aa connected to 3’ OH of tRNA

  7. arginyl tRNA Arg + tRNA Arg tRNA synthetase specific for one aa and its correct tRNAs specificity of aa tRNA synthetases many amino acids have more than one tRNA

  8. each mRNA may have several ribosomes on it (polyribosome = polysome) rRNAs  half of all RNA in the cell # of ribosomes very large ( 106 in a large cell)

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