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Cells and Growth

Cells and Growth. When do cells divide?. Replacement Repair Growth. The Cell Cycle. What is it? It is the life cycle of cell. The Cell Cycle. Composed of 2 main division: Interphase Mitosis. Interphase – Resting Stage. Cells carrying on normal activities

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Cells and Growth

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  1. Cells and Growth

  2. When do cells divide? • Replacement • Repair • Growth

  3. The Cell Cycle What is it? It is the life cycle of cell

  4. The Cell Cycle Composed of 2 main division: Interphase Mitosis

  5. Interphase – Resting Stage • Cells carrying on normal activities • Chromosomes aren’t visible – DNA is in the form of chromatin • Cell metabolism is occurring • Occurs before mitosis

  6. Chromatin vs Chromosomes ? Chromatin – long strands (strings) of DNA Chromosomes – the chromatin strands all condensed (scrunched) together into distinct pieces

  7. G1 Phase • GAP 1 • First growth stage • Cell increases in size • Cell prepares to copy its DNA

  8. Synthesis Phase • Copying (synthesizing)of all of DNA’s instructions • Chromatin duplicated

  9. G2 Phase • GAP 2 • Time between DNA synthesis & mitosis • Cell continues growing • Needed proteins produced

  10. Interphase

  11. M Phase • Cell growth & protein production stop • Cell’s energy used to make 2 daughter cells • Called mitosis

  12. Stages of Mitosis • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase

  13. Prophase • Nuclear envelope disappears • Centrioles move to opposite poles • Spindle fibers start to form • Chromosomes condense

  14. Metaphase • Chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell • Spindle fibers attached to the centromeres

  15. Anaphase • Chromosomes split • Spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart

  16. Telophase • Cell divides • Spindle fibers disintegrate • Nuclear envelopes re-form around 2 sets of chromosomes

  17. Cytokinesis • Organelles get divided up into 2 daughter cells • Plant cells--a new cell wall made of cellulose forms between the two cells • Animal cells--fibers pinch the cell in two

  18. Summary of Mitosis • Prophase: • Chromosomes condense • Nuclear envelope disappears • centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell • Spindle forms and attaches to centromeres • Metaphase • Chromosomes line up on equator of spindle

  19. Anaphase • Centromeres divide • Chromosomes pulled to opposite poles by the spindle • Telophase • Chromosomes de-condense • Nuclear envelope reappears • Cytokinesis: the cytoplasm is divided into 2 cells

  20. Mitosis: Can you name the stages? 1 2 3 4 5

  21. Mitosis: Can you name the stages? Prophase 2 3 4 5

  22. Mitosis: Can you name the stages? Prophase Metaphase 3 4 5

  23. Mitosis: Can you name the stages? Prophase Metaphase Anaphase 4 5

  24. Mitosis: Can you name the stages? Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 5

  25. Mitosis: Can you name the stages? Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

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