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Ch. 5 Sect. 3, Social Impact of Industrialization Page 10

Ch. 5 Sect. 3, Social Impact of Industrialization Page 10 EQ:What were the social effects of the Industrial Revolution?. Industrialization Changes Ways of Life. Urbanization: people move from countryside into cities Example: Manchester, England 1760 = 45,000 people 

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Ch. 5 Sect. 3, Social Impact of Industrialization Page 10

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  1. Ch. 5 Sect. 3, Social Impact of Industrialization Page 10 EQ:What were the social effects of the Industrial Revolution?

  2. Industrialization Changes Ways of Life • Urbanization: people move from countryside into cities • Example: Manchester, England 1760 = 45,000 people  1850 = 300,000 people

  3. Manchester, England

  4. Negative Effects • Living conditions - no urban planning & no building codes • Inadequate housing, education, & police protection • Heaps of garbage in streets • Sickness & disease widespread

  5. Street Children 1900

  6. Boys in a Cigar Factory

  7. Working Conditions • Average: 14 hrs/day: 6 day wk • Not well-lit or clean • Unsafe work environment – explosions, cave-ins, bad air, dangerous machinery • Frequent loss of limbs

  8. Children in London School Yard Mid to Late 1800’s

  9. Miners in a shaft 1800’s

  10. Boys shucking oysters.

  11. Young Coal Miners, ca.1900

  12. And you complain about school lunches…

  13. Child Laborers

  14. Class Tensions • Successful businessmen built fancy homes (suburbs) • Middle Class – skilled workers, professionals, businessmen • New Money creates competition to aristocrats = class tension • Poor laborers see class division

  15. During the Industrial Revolution, thousands of people immigrated to cities to find work. Many had to live in overcrowded tenement housing, such as this building in New York City.

  16. Positive Effects of Industrialization • Created jobs & wealth • Technological progress & inventions • More goods & cheaper prices • Healthier diets; better housing • Raised standard of living

  17. Long-term Effects of IR • Abuse of natural resources • Labor conditions improve: higher wages, shorter hours, safer working conditions • In general, higher standard of living

  18. Urbanization Make a simple illustration of an urban area in England in the 1820’s. Below it write a description of a day in the life of a city dweller. Description should be a minimum of 5 sentences

  19. Page 12 5-4 New Ways of Thinking EQ: What new ideas about economics and society were fostered as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

  20. Philosophers Respond to Industrialization • Philosophers such as Thomas Malthus saw the effects of the population explosion. • Crowded slums • Hungry families • Unemployment • Widespread misery • Philosophers began to look for “Natural Laws” that would govern business and economics

  21. Laissez-Faire Economics • Laissez-Faire – “Hands Off” = no government intervention. • Policy allowing business to operate with little or no government interferences. • Adam Smith’sThe Wealth of Nations • economic liberty guaranteed economic progress.

  22. Capitalism Capitalism- money invested in businesses to make profit • This is the current economic system that we operate under today.

  23. Laissez faire capitalism no government interference in business (no min. wage; no max hrs day)

  24. Utilitarianism The idea that the goal of society should be “the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people” • Jeremy Bentham – Father of utilitarianism • Laws/actions should be judged by their utility • Did they provide more pleasure or happiness then pain?

  25. Rise of Socialism • Many people unhappy with aspects of industrialization & capitalism • Socialism: some want government intervention and believed that: • All factors of production (land, machines, goods, etc.) should be owned by public • for the welfare of all • believed in social justice (helping the needy & mistreated) • Utopianism – extreme socialism, everyone equal = no conflict • This is a very impractical ideology

  26. Karl Marx and Class Struggle • Did not believe in utopia - unrealistic • Marx & Engels write The Communist Manifesto • Communism – radical socialism - everyone equal • Struggle between social classes lead to the creation of a classless society • All means of production owned by community • bourgeoisie (wealthy) vs. proletariat (poor) • Class struggle leads to revolution, then to economic equality. • No private property; goods shared • Marx hated capitalism

  27. Demise of Slavery • Britain – abolished in 1833 • United States – abolished in 1865 • Morally wrong • Debate & conflict about economic effects of slavery • Latin America – abolished by 1888

  28. 19th Century Union Movement: Britain and United States • Union - voluntary association of workers • spoke for all people in a trade • engaged in collective bargaining • strike - refuse to work • Reform Laws – 1832 to 1904

  29. 3 differences Ideologies Venn Diagram 3 differences 3 Similarities between Socialism and Communism

  30. Explaining the Diagram Explain the differences and similarities between Communism, and socialism. Of these two economic systems which do you think would be the best? Why? Which would be the worst? Why? 1 paragraph, 6-8 sentences

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