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Female & Male Anatomy

Female & Male Anatomy. Chapters 2 & 3. Class Home Page. http://dairy.umd.edu/varner/ansc446/notes98.html. Uterus. Primary functions of uterus: sperm transport luteolysis & control of cyclicity environemnt for preattachment embryo maternal contribution to the placenta expulsion of fetus.

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Female & Male Anatomy

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  1. Female & Male Anatomy Chapters 2 & 3

  2. Class Home Page • http://dairy.umd.edu/varner/ansc446/notes98.html

  3. Uterus • Primary functions of uterus: • sperm transport • luteolysis & control of cyclicity • environemnt for preattachment embryo • maternal contribution to the placenta • expulsion of fetus

  4. Uterus • Surface of endometrium in ruminants has caruncles (Fig 2-13) • Small nonglandular areas that protrude from surface of the endometrium • Highly vascularized - Maternal side of placental attachment • Mare & Sow have folds to increase surface area

  5. Cervix • Provides • lubrication (estrus & pregnancy) • flushing system • barrier during pregancy • Barrier to sperm for cow, ewe & doe • Not barrier for sow & mare

  6. Figure 2-14 unavailable on WWW

  7. Cervix • Sow • boar’s penis has corkscrew glans that is ‘locked’ into cervix. Semen (large volume) is deposited into cervix & uterus • Mare • has loose folds of mucosa that protrude into vagina and is also very soft during estrus • semen ejaculated under high pressure & goes into uterus

  8. Cervix • Mucus becomes viscous during pregnancy (influence of progesterone) • ‘Cervical seal of pregnancy’ • Disruption general causes abortion

  9. Vagina • Serves as a copulatory organ • Expulsion of urine during micturition • Cervix protrudes into vagina in cow & mare • Fornix • Fig. 2-16

  10. Figure 2-16 Not Available on WWW

  11. Vagina • Floor of vestibule • Gartner’s ducts • Suburethral diverticulum • blind pouch in sow & cow that put AI rod into

  12. External Genitalia • Vulva • Two labia (major & minor) • Clitoris • homologue of penis • ventral commissure of vestibule • erectile tissue with lots of nerve endings • stimulation can increase AI conception rate • Perineum - surrounds anus & vulva

  13. Introductory figures from Chapter 3 Not available on WWW

  14. Components of Male Sys. • Spermatic cord • scrotum • testis • excurrent duct system • accessory sex glands • penis & muscles for protrusion, erection & ejaculation

  15. Spermatic Cord • Houses • Ductus deferens • Cremaster muscle • Pampiniform plexus • Figure 3-2

  16. Figures 3-2 and 3-3 not available on WWW

  17. Fxns of Spermatic Cords • Provide vascular, lymphatic and neural connection to the body • Provide a heat exchanger (pampiniform plexus) • House cremaster muscle

  18. Pampiniform plexus • Countercurrent heat exchanger • Pulse pressure eliminator

  19. Figures 3-5, 3-6 and 3-7 not available on WWW

  20. Pampiniform plexus • Heat exchange • Testosterone exchange • Eliminates pulse pressure differential

  21. Cremaster Muscle • Supports testis • Aids in temperature control • Contraction & relaxation creates “pump” for blood & lymph • Pendular testes CM provides • protection during fear or high planes of excitement

  22. Non-pendular testes • No scrotum • Birds, elephants, sloths, armadillos and some marine mammals (whales & dolphin) • Testes of some animals (rat & rabbit) move in & out of body cavity through patent inguinal canal.

  23. Scrotum • Skin • Tunica dartos • Scrotal fascia • parietal tunica vaginalis

  24. Scrotal Skin • Temperature Sensor & modulator • Figure 3-9

  25. Figure 3-9 not available on WWW

  26. Tunica dartos • Muscle just under skin • Contractions or relaxation facilitate cooling • Contraction & relaxation help “pump”out sperm

  27. Testis • Produce • Spermatozoa • Hormones & proteins • Fluids

  28. Figure 3-11 Not available on WWW

  29. Testis Consists Of: • Testicular capsule • parenchyma • mediastinum • rete tubules

  30. Testicular Capsule • “Suborgan” that “pumps” sperm into rete testis & epididymus

  31. Testicular Parenchyma • Seminiferous tubules • Interstitial cells of Leydig • Capillaries • Lymphatic vessels • Connective Tissue • Figure 3-12

  32. Figure 3-12 Not available on WWW

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