How a Bill Becomes a Law

1. How a Bill Becomes a Law

2. Bill to Law Standing committee considers bill Full house debates bill Passed bill sent to other house Bill passed by both houses sent to president

3. Bills Congress Considers • 2 Categories • Private Bills • Public Bills • Resolutions • Joint Resolutions • Signed by both houses • Designate money for special purposes • Propose Constitutional Amendments

4. From Bill to Law • Special-Interest Groups • Committee Action • Debating the Bill • Voting on a Bill • Action by the President

5. Committee Action • Standing Committees can: • Pass the bill • Mark up a bill with changes and suggest that it be passed • Replace the original bill with a new bill • Pigeonhole the bill • Kill the bill outright by majority vote

6. Debating a Bill • Each house debates bill • House accepts amendments relevant to bill • Senate may tack riders onto bill • Can be fought by line-item veto • Debates have set rules

7. Rules of Debate • House: Rules Committee sets terms for debate • Time limits for discussion • Senate has fewer rules • Filibuster • Cloture

9. Voting on a Bill • Voice Vote • Standing Vote • Roll-Call Vote

10. Action by the President • Veto • Pocket Veto

11. Comparing the House & Senate House Senate Members chosen from entire state Members chosen from local districts Two-year term Six-year term A representative must be at least 25 yeas of age and must have been a citizen of the United States for at least 7 years A senator must be at least 30 years of age and must have been a citizen of the United States for at least 9 years. • M House members must be residents for the state from which they are chosen Senate members must be residents of the state from which they are chosen 435 voting members; the number representing each state is determined by population Composed of 100 members; 2 from each state Originally elected by voters Originally (until 1913) elected by state legislatures May impeach federal officials May convict federal officials of impeachable offenses More formal rules Fewer rules and restrictions Debate limited Debate extended Floor action controlled Unanimous Consent Rules Less prestige and less individual notice More prestige and media attention Originates bills for raising revenues Power of “advice and consent” on presidential appointments and treaties Local or narrow leadership National leadership The vice president of the United States is the presiding officer The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer