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Flat Panel Displays

Display Technologies Seminar. Flat Panel Displays. Flat Panel Displays. Agenda. Introduction FPD in general FED OLED PLED SED Conclusions. Flat Panel Displays. Flat Panel Displays. Volatile Pixels are periodically refreshed to retain their state Refresh many times a second

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Flat Panel Displays

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  1. Display Technologies Seminar Flat Panel Displays Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  2. Flat Panel Displays Agenda Introduction FPD in general FED OLED PLED SED Conclusions Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  3. Flat Panel Displays Flat Panel Displays • Volatile • Pixels are periodically refreshed to retain their state • Refresh many times a second • Otherwise image will fade from the screen • Plasma, LCD, OLED, LED, ELD, SED and FED-displays • Static • Material with bistable color states • No energy to maintain image needed, only to change • Slow refresh state • Deployment in limited applications • Cholesteric displays, outdoor advertising, e-book products Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  4. Flat Panel Displays Field Emission Display • Developed by Motorola and others during the 1990s • Very similar to a CRT • Utilizes an electron emitter which activates phosphors on a screen • In CRT an electron gun scatters the charged particles • Each FED pixel has its own corresponding electron source • At first conical electron emitters (known as a "Spindt tip") – nowdays carbon nanotubes • Electrons in a FED are not produced by heat Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  5. Flat Panel Displays FED Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  6. Flat Panel Displays FED • Advantages • More power efficient than LCD • Less weight that same size LCD • Fewer total components and processes involved • Disadvantages • Erosion of the emitters • Extremely high vacuum required in order to operate • Hard to manufacture for commercial use • Production difficulties Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  7. Flat Panel Displays FED • First models 2007 • 19.2-inches. • 1,280 x 960 resolution • brightness of 400cd/m2 • 20,000:1 contrast ratio • Sony’sField Emission Technologies, whose purpose was to develop the displays closed it doors in 2009. • Reason mainly due to difficulty in raising funds for manufacturing. Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  8. Flat Panel Displays Organic Light-emitting Diode • Developed by Eastman-Kodak • Two types: small molecule OLED and polymer OLED • A Layer of organic material is sandwiched between two conductors (an anode and a cathode) which are between seal and subsrate • Electro-luminescent bright light is produced from the organic material when current is applied to the conductors Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  9. Flat Panel Displays OLED color • Only pure colors expressed when an electric current stimulates the relevant pixels • Primary color matrix arranged in red, green, and blue pixels, mounted directly to a printed circuit board • Ambient light interference reduced with "micro-cavity” structure -> improves overall color contrast • Organic layer adjusted for each color for strongest light • Colors purified with color filter without the need for polarizer -> outstanding color purity. Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  10. Flat Panel Displays OLED Source: http://www.oled-display.net/how-works-the-oled-technology Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  11. How OLED is built OLED production VS. LCD production Source: http://www.oled-display.net/how-works-the-oled-technology

  12. Flat Panel Displays PLED Source: http://www.educypedia.be/electronics/pled.htm Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  13. AM OLED = Active Matrix OLED device FOLED = Flexible Organic Light Emitting Diode (UDC) OLED = Organic Light Emitting Diode/Device/Display PhOLED = Phosphorescent Oragnic Light Emitting Diode (UDC) PLED = Polymer Light Emitting Diode (CDT) PM OLED = Passive Matrix OLED device POLED = Polymer Oragnic Light Emitting Diode (CDT) RCOLED = Resonant Coloe Oragnic Light Emitting Diode SmOLED = Small Molecule Ogranic Light Emitting Diode (Kodak) SOLED = Stacked Oragnic Light Emitting Diode (UDC) TOLED = Transparent Oragnic Light Emitting Diode (UDC) Different OLED technologies

  14. Flat Panel Displays OLED • Advantages • Can be printed onto any suitable substrate with inkjet (PLED) • Flexible displays • Great artificial contrast ratio and color potential • No need for a backlight • Great viewing angle • Fast response times • Disadvantages • Lifespan (especially blue) • Color balance issues (due lifespan issues) • Water damage • Outdoor performance • Power consumption • Possible screen burn-in Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  15. Flat Panel Displays OLED • Samsung SDI exhibited a 40-inch OLED panel at the FPD International 2008 • full HD resolution of 1920 x 1080 • contrast ratio of 1,000,000:1 • color gamut of 107% NTSC • luminance of 200cd/m2 (peak luminance of 600cd/m2) • Samsung shows 3D Panels at CES-2010. • Sony shows 24.5-inch prototype OLED 3D television during the Consumer Electronics Show in January 2010. Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  16. Flat Panel Displays OLED Source: DisplaySearch Q2,09 Quarterly OLED Shipment and Forecast Report Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  17. Flat Panel Displays Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Display • Co-developed by Canon and Toshiba Corporation • Very similar to a CRT • Utilizes an electron emitter which activates phosphors on a screen • The electron emission element is made from few nanometers thick electron emission film • No electron beam deflector required • Separate emitter for each color phosphor, 3/pixel or 1/sub-pixel Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  18. Flat Panel Displays SED Source: http://www.oled-display.info/what-means-sed-tv Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  19. Flat Panel Displays SED vs. FED • The significant differences between SED (a) and FED (b) is in the electron source plate and the drive electronics Source: http://www.oled-display.info/structure-and-manufacturing-of-an-sed-tv-and-fed-tv-partii Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  20. Flat Panel Displays SED • Advantages • The overall power efficiency about ten times better than a LCD of the same size • Less complex than LCD • Fast response time and high contrast ratio • Wide viewing angle • advantages over the FED in manufacturing state • Disadvantages • Potential screen burn-in • Mass production difficulties Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  21. Flat Panel Displays SED • Prototype 2006 • 1080p 55-inch models • 450 nits of brightness • 50,000:1 contrast ratio • 1ms response time • Mass production delayed due to lawsuits between Canon and Nano- Proprietary Inc concerning SED panel patent license agreement Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  22. Flat Panel Displays Future • Some of the technologies have faded after the prototype phase • OLEDs are the most promising • Flexible displays • Printing technology • Printed vs non printed • Rigid vs flexible • Inorganic vs organic, • Cost of materials vs process • New technologies still in development Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  23. Flat Panel Displays Future Samsung Wave (Super- AMOLED) vs. Nokia X6 (TFT LCD capacitive touchscreen) Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

  24. Flat Panel Displays Questions?Thank you! Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

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