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Understanding DOS: Hardware, Software, and Core Commands

DESCRIPTION

This comprehensive guide covers essential aspects of DOS, including hardware components like CPUs, storage, and I/O devices, as well as the various categories of software such as system and application software. Delving into drive layout, fragmentation, and the Master Boot Record, it also explains file naming conventions and the types of DOS commands: internal and external. Users will learn about frequently used commands, wildcards, and how to manipulate files and directories effectively. Perfect for both beginners and experienced users seeking to enhance their DOS knowledge.

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Understanding DOS: Hardware, Software, and Core Commands

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Micro Op SYS (DOS) Chapters 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7

  2. Hardware • Four Categories • CPU (Central Processing Unit) • Primary Storage (RAM) • Input/Output Devices • Keyboard • Mouse • Monitor • Printer • Secondary Storage (Drives)

  3. SOFTWARE • Two Categories • System Software • Operating Systems • DOS, Win3.x, Win9x, WinNT, Win2000, WinXp, Win2003, Unix, Linux, MAC, OS2, Longhorn • Utility Support Programs • Norton, Macafe, etc.

  4. SOFTWARE (cont) • Application Software • Eight Categories • Word Processing • Spreadsheet • Database Management • Communications • Mathematical Molding • Graphics • Games • Software Development Tools

  5. Drive Layout • Fragmentation • Master Boot Record (MBR) • File Allocation Table (FAT) • Root Directory • Directory • Sub-Directory

  6. DOS • File Naming Convention D:\Test\filename.ext [drive] [path] [filename] [extension] Filename → Max of 8 characters Extension → Max of 3 characters Example: A:\test\dos\project.doc

  7. Executable files BAT – batch file COM – program file <64KB EXE – program file >64KB Text files BAK – Backup text file BAS – BASIC file DAT – Data File DBF – dBase file DOC – Documentation file HLP – Help file INI – Initialization file PRN – Printer file SYS – System ASCII file TXT – Text file Other files DEF – Program setup file FON – Font file GIF – Graphics image file OVL – Overlay file PIF – Program information file SYS – System binary file TIF – TIFF graphic image file WKI – Lotus 1-2-3 worksheet file WPG – WordPerfect graphic file XLS – Excel file Extensions

  8. Wildcards • Two types • Asterisk (*) • Representing a group of one or more characters • Question Mark (?) • Representing only a single character • Used a lot with the DIR command for narrower searching

  9. DOS Commands • Internal • Frequently used and/or relatively small DOS commands loaded into RAM when the system is booted • External • Reside on the DOS disk • Must be copied into RAM each time they are executed

  10. Some DOS Commands • DATE • TIME • HELP • Help DATE • Date /? • Format • Switches: • /S – make bootable • /V – add a volume label • /Q – quick format • /F – floppy disk size • /U - unconditional

  11. Internal DOS Commands • Frequently used and/or relatively small DOS commands loaded into RAM when the system is booted

  12. DOS Commands • CLS • REN • VER

  13. DOS Commands (cont) • COPY • copy filename.ext a:filename.ext • Can use wildcards • Copy *.* a:*.* • DEL • del filename.ext • Can use wildcards • del *.*

  14. DOS Commands (cont) • TYPE • Allows you to view the contains inside of a file without having to open another program

  15. External DOS Commands • Reside on the DOS disk • Must be copied into RAM each time they are executed

  16. DOS Commands • LABEL • CHKDSK (after DOS6.2 SCANDISK) • DISKCOPY • Must be the same size • UNDELETE

  17. DOS Commands (cont) • ATTRIB • attrib ±A ±H ±R ±S a:filename.ext • attrib a:*.* • XCOPY • Similar to COPY but allows you to include subdirectories • /s must be used to copy subdirectories

  18. DOS Disk Commands • CD or CHDIR • MD or MKDIR • RD or RMDIR

  19. DOS Disk Commands (cont) • TREE • DELTREE • PROMPT

  20. DOS Disk Commands (cont) • MOVE • PROMPT • $t – system time • $d – system date • $n – default drive • $g – the > character • $_ - “new line” command (to skip a line) • $p – default disk and current directory

  21. DOS Disk Commands (cont) • PATH • Path c:\;c:\dos;a:\

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