Unit 58

1. Unit 58 Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish Gypsum Board Wallcovering • Wall Paneling • Plastic Laminate Wall Covering • Ceiling

2. Gypsum board is fastened directly to wood or metal framing members and provides a smooth surface for paint or wallcoverings.

3. Gypsum boards have different edge shapes depending on their purpose.

4. Gypsum board is cut by scoring it on the face side and then snapping off the waste piece.

5. Jagged gypsum board edges can be smoothed with a serrated-blade forming tool.

6. In single-ply application, only one layer of gypsum board is used.

7. In double-ply application, an adhesive is used to bond the second layer of gypsum board to the base layer. The second layer runs at a right angle to the base layer.

8. A metal foot lift is used to raise a gypsum board wall panel up tightly against the ceiling. The space below the panel is covered by base molding.

9. Nails may be used to fasten gypsum board to wood framing members. Small-headed nails are used with predecorated panels.

10. Nails must be driven properly to ensure a solid connection between the gypsum board and wood framing member. Nails driven too deeply, or at an angle, will cut through the face covering.

11. Loose nails are caused by a poor fit of the gypsum board to the framing surface or by nails missing the framing members.

12. The proper single-nailing pattern ensures a sound connection between the gypsum board and wood framing member. Nailing should begin at the center of the panel and move outward.

13. When double-nailing gypsum board, the second set of nails may be driven after the first set is driven across the entire panel, or the second set of nails in each row may be driven after the first set in each row is driven. Nailing should begin at the center of the panel and move outward.

14. Screws may be used to fasten gypsum board to metal or wood framing members. A drywall screwdriver is used to drive the screws.

15. Stud adhesive is used with screws or nails to fasten single-ply gypsum board to wood or metal framing members.

16. Gypsum board must be properly finished to ensure a smooth and even surface.

17. Metal corner beads reinforce outside corners of gypsum board.

18. Molding is used to cover joints and corners of predecorated gypsum board.

19. Grooved softwood-veneer plywood wall panels create pleasant shadow lines.

20. Wall paneling may have rabbeted or beveled edges, forming channel or V-joints respectively.

21. Plywood panels are stacked with wood strips between them for preconditioning to room temperature.

22. Furring strips are installed over existing uneven walls to provide a smooth and even wall surface for plywood or hardboard panels.

23. Panels can be positioned so that a continuous joint occurs on each side of the door or so joints break over the openings.

24. Holes for electrical outlets and other openings must be laid out before the panel is set in place. The openings may be cut before or after the panel is positioned using a cutout saw.

25. The item requiring an opening—in this case an electrical box—is used as a pattern for marking a panel opening.

26. When installing wall panels over stud walls, the edges of the panels must fall over the centers of the studs.

27. Base and ceiling moldings eliminate the need to scribe the top and bottom panel.

28. Molding is often used to cover the inside and outside corners of interior paneling.

29. A panel must be carefully scribed to the other wall when no molding covers the inside corner.

30. Wall panels may be mitered if molding is not used on an outside corner.

31. Flush application of panels on outside corners is easier than mitering and panel edges are less susceptible to damage.

32. Nails are less noticeable when driven along the bevel or into the grooves of a panel.

33. Adhesive is applied in 3″ long beads, 6″ apart, at intermediate studs or at furring strips behind the panel.

34. A wall panel is pressed into place after the adhesive has been applied.

35. After the panel has been pressed against the adhesive, it is grasped at the bottom along both edges and slowly pulled away from the stud. The panel is then pressed back into position after 2 min.

36. Solid board paneling may be applied horizontally.

37. When installing board-on-board wall paneling, drive an 8d nail at the center of the underboard. The top boards should overlap the underboard a minimum of 1″. Fasten the top board with two 10d nails. Make sure the nails clear the underboard to allow for expansion and contraction.

38. When installing board-and-batten wall paneling, drive an 8d nail at the center of the underboard. The underboards are spaced approximately 1/2″ apart. Drive a 10d nail through the center of the batten.

39. When installing tongue-and-groove wall paneling, 4″ and 6″ widths can be blind-nailed with 6d finish nails driven at a 45° angle. This method eliminates the need to countersink and putty face nails.

40. When installing channel-rustic solid board paneling up to 6″ wide, one face nail is adequate to secure the board. Widths over 8″ require a face nail at the center of each board.

41. Blocking must be placed in a stud wall to provide a nailing base for vertical board paneling.

42. Prior to installation, solid board paneling is arranged along the wall so wood grain and other features can be matched to each other.

43. When tapping a board panel into place, use a piece of material with a grooved edge against the board to avoid damaging the edge.

44. Plastic laminate wall panels are available with an imitation wood grain finish.

45. Suspended tile ceiling systems are frequently used in commercial construction.

46. Ceiling tile with tongue-and-groove edges are stapled through the wide flanges into the furring strips.

47. For a ceiling with even-foot dimensions, the center tiles are positioned at each side of the centerlines.

48. For a ceiling with odd-foot dimensions, the center tiles are positioned so the centerlines align with the middle of the tiles.

49. Border tiles on opposite sides of the ceiling should be the same width, and should be at least 6″ wide.

50. Suspended ceilings are often installed in commercial buildings.