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Chapter 14

Chapter 14. The New Deal. Section 1: FDR and the First New Deal. Section Objectives 1. Cite issues and events that persuaded voters to choose FDR as President. 2. Detail the legislation of the Hundred Days 3. Discuss FDR’s relationship with the public during the Hundred Days.

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Chapter 14

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  1. Chapter 14 The New Deal

  2. Section 1: FDR and the First New Deal • Section Objectives 1. Cite issues and events that persuaded voters to choose FDR as President. 2. Detail the legislation of the Hundred Days 3. Discuss FDR’s relationship with the public during the Hundred Days.

  3. FDR’s Background • Marriage to Eleanor Roosevelt • Distant relatives • 1910, elected as a Democrat to the New York state legislature • Wilson appointed him assistant secretary of the navy for 7 years • 1921, on vacation, suffered an attack of poliomyelitis—legs completely paralyzed • 2 term governor of New York

  4. Roosevelt Victory • Promoted conservative measures to end the depression • Promised direct action and relief efforts • FDR employed all types of people to work for him • Once FDR took office, a flurry of intense legislation and policy began and didn’t give up for 3 months—Hundred Days

  5. FDR’s New Deal Unemployment Farmers/Agriculture Regional Planning Stock Market Industrial Production Banks Elderly/Disabled/ LessFortunate/ Impoverished

  6. The Hundred Days • Bank Crisis—38 states closed their banks, the other 10 were restrictive • Americans lost faith in banks—hoarding • Sec. of Treasury, W. Woodin proposed a plan to shut down all banks until stable • Relief for the unemployed, recovery measures to stimulate the economy, and reform laws to lessen economic threats.

  7. Emergency Relief • FERA--$ million in its first 2 hours, but Roosevelt felt that dole would break down self respect. • Set up relief programs to put people back to work. • CCC—environmental projects • PWA—modernize the nation • NRA—standards for business leaders

  8. More Relief • AAA—help farmers hurt by depression • TVA—dams on T. River for electricity • Reform Laws • Truth-in-Securities Act—eliminate fraud in the stock market (companies sued) • Glass-Steagall Banking Act—prohibit banks from investing in stock market and established FDIC (insure deposits)

  9. Hundred Days successful? • March 9-June 16, FDR proposed 15 bills. These 15 bills are known as the New Deal. • FDR was a Democrat and Democrats controlled Congress—easy to pass bills.

  10. Are people back to normal? FDR’s Fireside Chats

  11. Section 2: Criticism and Reformulation • Dr. Francis E. Townsend—66 year old retired physician • Wanted to aid the aged and stimulate the economy—everyone over age 60 retire • Free jobs, retired receive $200 per month as long as they spend it in 30 days • Help elderly and create more jobs, elderly become discontent

  12. New Deal: Big Deal! • National income rose 25% in 1934 • Factories were producing goods • Farmers refinanced mortgages • Millions were getting relief or had jobs • But…incomes were still below precrash levels, 13% less • Farm prices were 28% behind and 20% of working population still unemployed

  13. Protests of Tenant Farmers • AAA—wanted land lay fallow, farmers chose Tenant land to go unplanted • Share checks with tenant farmers, they didn’t and tenant farmers forced to move • STFU—Southern Tenant Farmers’ Union went on strike to obtain raises and wanted Dept. of Agriculture to give them portion of AAA check.

  14. Voices of Labor • NIRA—permitted all workers to join unions and go on strike • Unions added 1 million workers • Workers tended to form more strikes • In 1934, 1.5 million workers staged 1,800 strikes • Employers fired or intimidated workers who tried to start strikes

  15. Father Charles E. Coughlin • Catholic Priest, radio show • Coughlin attacked Jews and blamed them for the economic problems • Wanted wealth to be redistributed • Church superiors silenced Coughlin’s radio show. • Huey Long—Share Our Wealth

  16. Attack from Conservatives and courts • Business leaders thought FDR was interfering too much w/ businesses and spending too much $ on relief. • Nation toward socialism • 1934, unhappy business men and politicians formed the American Liberty League to destroy the New Deal

  17. Courts • Overturned the NIRA and AAA • Said gov’t had too much power over small businesses • Roosevelt faced opposition from many people, so he decided to revamp his recovery and reform policies and create his Second New Deal

  18. Dust Bowl Role of Geography—Great Plains flat and lie east of Rocky Mountains, High winds on the plain, Rain shadow east of Rockies Farmer alter land—Farmers cleared trees and grasses for crops, planted one crop and cleared the crop leaving the soil vulnerable to wind.

  19. Dust Bowl Government changes to protect the land—passed the Soil Conservation Act (gave them saplings and paid them to learn new techniques like terrace farming and crop rotation.) Government planted trees in shelter belts and hedge rows.

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