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Communities!

Communities!. All around us are organisms (living things) living in communities , e.g. in NZ native bush. Each species has its own population within the community, and a niche where it lives. Producers – Organisms that make their own food from sunlight energy

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Communities!

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  1. Communities!

  2. All around us are organisms (living things) living in communities, e.g. in NZ native bush. • Each species has its own population within the community, and a niche where it lives.

  3. Producers – Organisms that make their own food from sunlight energy • Examples: plants, trees, moss, algae • Consumers – Organisms that eat other organisms (plants or animals) • Examples: caterpillars, bugs, birds, dogs, possums, fish, frogs, humans • Decomposers – Organisms that break down the bodies of dead organisms and waste • Examples: bacteria and fungi

  4. Different types of consumers • Carnivores – only eat other animals • Herbivores – only eat plants • Omnivores – eat plants and animals

  5. Food chains • A community contains many food chains which link up to form a food web • e.g. grass  sheep  human • Each step in the food chain is called a trophic level. • It shows “who eats who” • Energy flows from the lowest trophic level to the highest trophic level. Energy enters the chain as light and exits as heat. • The arrow shows the direction of energy flow • Only 10% of energy flows from one level to the next. The other 90% is converted to heat.

  6. Trophic levels grass  grasshopper  birds  cats • Grass is the….. • Consumers can be first order (herbivores), second or third order (omnivores and carnivores), and higher! • Grasshopper is the….. • Birds are the…. • Cats are the…. Third-order consumer Second-order consumer First-order consumer Producer

  7. Trophic levels grass  grasshopper  birds  cats • Grass is the producer • Consumers can be first order (herbivores), second or third order (omnivores and carnivores), and higher! • Grasshopper is the first-order consumer • Birds are the second-order consumers • Cats are the third-order consumers Third-order consumer Second-order consumer First-order consumer Producer

  8. T6 Carnivores (fourth-order consumers Seals T5 Carnivores (third-order consumers) Sperm whales Sea birds Penguins T4 Omnivores and Carnivores (second-order consumers) Baleen whales Squid Fish T3 Omnivores (second-order consumers) Krill shrimp T2 Herbivores (first-order consumers) Animal plankton Plant plankton T1 Producers T=Trophic Level

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