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Binding

Binding. Sharon Armon-Lotem. John i shaved himself i John likes himself John likes him He likes John *Himself likes John John thinks that Bill likes him He thinks that Bill likes John John thinks that Bill likes himself. Binding conditions.

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Binding

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  1. Binding Sharon Armon-Lotem

  2. Johni shaved himselfi • John likes himself • John likes him • He likes John • *Himself likes John • John thinks that Bill likes him • He thinks that Bill likes John • John thinks that Bill likes himself

  3. Binding conditions A: anaphors must be bound in their local domain B: pronouns must be free in their local domain C: R-expressions are always free • The coindexation resembles A-movement, but no theta role transmission is involved • The binding local domain varies across languages

  4. Issues in acquisition • Which words are pronouns and which are reflexives. • What the local domain is. • Principle A vs. principle B. • Comprehension vs. production

  5. Solan (1987– (Act-out task, 37 children, ages 4-7.

  6. Chien & Wexler (1990)– Pictures selection, 150 children, ages 2;6-6;6 This is Goldilocks; this is Mama bear. Is Mama bear touching herself/her? • Children older than 5 obey principle A. Younger children allow non-local antecedent: Goldilocks = herself • Children seem to violate principle B even after 6;6

  7. But • Children obey principle B at the same age that they obey principle A, but violate a pragmatic principle which governs the choice of reference (Reinhart 1983, 1986). • Coreference is possible without coindexing on a pragmatic basis (contrastive stress). Children who are not sensitive to contrastive stress would seem to violate principle B ( McDaniel 1992) • Grice’s principles of cooperation (maxim of manner) – use the most precise way to say what you want to say - use him only when you do not mean himself. This is hard for children (Grodzinsky & Reinhart 1993)

  8. Binding in SLI Franks, S. L., Connell, P. J. 1996. Knowledge of Binding in Normal and SLI Children. Journal of Child Language, 23, 431-64 • Reflexives • NL - pass through a long-distance binding stage • LI - behave like very young NL requiring the nearest available noun phrase to be the antecedent.

  9. van der Lely HK, Stollwerck L. 1997. Binding theory and grammatical specific language impairment in children. Cognition 62(3):245-290.

  10. Bishop et al. 2000. Grammatical SLI: A distinct subtype of developmental language impairment? Applied Psycholinguistics 21, 159–181 Advanced Syntactic Test of Pronominal Reference (Figure 2, A)

  11. ResultsLI 18.72 (SD=2.90)LN 21.41 (SD=2.53)(t = 5.61, p < .001). • “Baloo Bear says Mowgli is tickling him” • “Baloo Bear says Mowgli is tickling himself” (X) • “Mowgli says Baloo Bear is tickling him” (S)

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