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Basic Parts of the Plant

Basic Parts of the Plant. Roots Stems Leaves Flower. Roots. 1. Anchor Plant 2. Absorb water and minerals 3. Translocate water and minerals to stem 4. Store Food. Stems. 1. Translocate water, minerals and food to the leaves 2. Support the leaves and display them to light

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Basic Parts of the Plant

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  1. Basic Parts of the Plant • Roots • Stems • Leaves • Flower

  2. Roots • 1. Anchor Plant • 2. Absorb water and minerals • 3. Translocate water and minerals to stem • 4. Store Food

  3. Stems • 1. Translocate water, minerals and food to the leaves • 2. Support the leaves and display them to light • 3. Store Food

  4. Leaves • 1. Make food through photosynthesis • 2. Provide site of gas exchange • 3. Store food

  5. Flowers • 1. Contain organs for specialized sexual production • 2. Produce seeds and fruit

  6. Different type of Roots • A. Tap Root • Continuation of the primary root • Ideal for anchorage • Penetration is greater for water • Storage area for food made by photosynthesis

  7. ARE YOU PAYING ATTENTION? • THERE JUST MAY BE A QUIZ!!!

  8. Different type of Roots • B. Fibrous Roots • Many finely branched secondary roots • Shallow roots cover a large area • More effective absorption of water and minerals • Roots hold the soil to prevent erosion

  9. Different type of Roots • C. Aerial roots • Clinging air roots • Short roots that grow horizontally from the stems • Roots that fasten the plant to a support • Absorptive air roots

  10. Different type of Roots • Adventitious Roots • Develop in places other than nodes • Can form on cuttings and rhizomes

  11. Roots • Root hairs: • Tiny one celled hair like extensions of the epidermal cells located near the tips of the roots where vascular tissues have formed. • Increase surface area • Absorb water and minerals from soil

  12. Specialized Stems • A. Corm (gladiolus, crocus) • underground • Solid, fleshy, scale covered

  13. WAKE UP!!!!!!!!!!!! • DON’T FALL ASLEEP • PAY ATTENTION! • THIS MEANS YOU!!!

  14. Specialized Stems • B. Bulb (tulips, lillies, onions) • Layers of fleshy scales that overlap each other • Underground stem

  15. Specialized Stems • C. Tuber (potato, caladium) • Food storage area • Short, thick underground stem

  16. Specialized Stems • D. Crown (African Violets, fern) • Closely grouped stems or plantlets • Just above ground or just below

  17. Specialized Stems • E. Spurs (pear and apple trees) • Short sems found on woody plant limbs adapted for increased production of fruits

  18. Specialized Stems • F. Rhizomes (iris, lily of the valley) • Underground stems that produce roots on the lower surface and extend leaves and flower shoots above the ground

  19. Specialized Stems • G. Stolon (Strawberry, airplane plant) • Stem that grows horizontally above the soil surface

  20. Principal Tissues of the Leaf • Epidermis • Cuticle • Waxy substance covers the leaves and stems • Waterproof layer that keeps water in plants

  21. Principal Tissues of the Leaf • Epidermis (cont) • Stomata • Openings in the epidermis mainly located on underside of leaves • Exchange of gases

  22. Principal Tissues of the Leaf • Epidermis (cont) • Guard Cells • Two cells located on each side of stomata • Open and closes stomata

  23. Principal Tissues of the Leaf • Mesophyll layer • Palisade mesophyll • Primary site of photosynthesis • Spongy mesophyll • Contains air and chloroplasts • Site of photosynthesis and gas exchange

  24. Principal Tissues of the Leaf • Veins or vascular bundles • In spongy mesophyll • Phloem tissues conduct food from photosynthesis to rest of plant • Xylem tissues conduct water and minerals up to cells in leaves and stems

  25. Parts of the Flower • Sepals • Outer covering of the flower bud • Protects the stamens and pistills when flower is in bud stage

  26. Parts of the Flower • Petals • Brightly colored • Protects stamen and pistills • Attracts pollinating insects

  27. Parts of the Flower • Stamens • Male Reproductive part • Anther-produces pollen • Filament-supports the anther

  28. Parts of the Flower • Pistil • Female reproductive part • Ovary • Enlarged portion at base of pistill • Produces ovules which develop into seeds • Stigma • Holds the pollen grains

  29. Parts of the Flower • Style • Connects the stigma with ovary • Supports the stigma so that it can be pollinated

  30. Complete and Incomplete Flowers • Complete: have all four main parts • Sepals • Petals • Stamens • Pistils

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