1. Chapter 10 Sec.1 The Tang and Song Dynasties

2. Anticipatory Set • At their heights, which civilization had the largest population? Tang Roman Est. 50,000,000 people Est. 80,000,000 people

3. State Standards H-SS 7.3.1 Describe the reunification of China under the Tang Dynasty and reasons for the spread of Buddhism in Tang China Korea, and Japan Paraphrase: Describe the reunification of China under the Tang Dynasty H-SS 7.3.6 Describe the development of the imperial state and the scholar-official class

4. CCSS. ELA-Literacy • Reading Informational Text 7.1- Cite several pieces of textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text

5. Input • Tang Dynasty • Founded by military leader known as Tang Taizong • With his armies he reunited China • Taizong brought back stable government to China Tang Taizong

6. Bureaucracy • Taizong brought back stable government by reviving China’s official bureaucracy Bureaucracy • A system of government with many departments and bureaus, all headed by appointed officials • Each official had a rank and fixed responsibilities • “Taizong’s goal in setting up this bureaucracy was to create an efficient government” (pg.269)

7. The Tang Capital • Established in Chang’an • Site of over 10 dynasties beginning with the Han • Had a population of about 2 million • Was a walled city laid out in a grid pattern complete with two markets, and great homes, temples and gardens. • The imperial place lay at the end of a broad avenue designed to impress visitors • “Chang’an was a thriving cultural and commercial center. People from all over Asia came there to trade” (pg. 270)

8. Art and Literature • “The Tang was considered a golden age for Chinese art and literature” (pg. 270) • Artists used subtle colors for paintings and potters’ best works were glazed pottery figures.

9. The Song Era of Good Government • After the eventual collapse of the Tang the Song Dynasty rose to power • The Song ruled China for more than 300 years Emperor Taizu of Song

10. Scholar-Official Class Scholar-Official • Highly educated civil servants who entered government only after passing special examinations • Some earlier dynasties had hired officials based on status or wealth • Civil service exams began during the Han Dynasty and was later “revived by the Tang and expanded by the Song” (pg. 271).

11. Scholar-Official Class cont’d • Exams were held each year and very tough to pass • The few who did pass qualified for government jobs • Officials were monitored to ensure they were “honest and efficient” (pg. 272) • Officials could not serve in their home districts • Had to change jobs every three years to avoid building too much power in one place

12. The Merit System Merit System • “A process for hiring and promoting people based on talent and skills, rather than wealth or social status” (pg. 272) • Well performing scholar moved up in the bureaucracy, and “enjoyed great prestige in society” • In this way, the merit system guaranteed continuing good government. • The system also allowed the emperor (ruling under the Mandate of Heaven) to build a loyal support base. • Consequentially, as the scholar-official class gained more power the nobles and warlords found theirs reduced

13. Summary • The Tang and Song dynasties brought about a change in Chinese government • Bureaucracy and civil service exams were revived by both dynasties • The goal of setting up the bureaucracy was to help make the government efficient and keep scholar officials honest • “Over time, the scholar-official class became the highest ranking group in Chinese society” (pg. 272)

14. Modeling Across Disciplines • Analysis: One focus of the Tang Dynasty was art and literature. Textual Evidence:“The Tang was considered a golden age for Chinese art and literature” (pg. 270) Explanation: The Tang was considered a golden age for arts and literature, because during the Tang era artists created beautiful paintings and glazed ceramic figures. Great poets, such as Li Bo, produced notable works during this period.

15. Modeling Across Disciplines • Analysis: The Tang capital was a great city. • Textual Evidence:“Chang’an was a thriving cultural and commercial center. People from all over Asia came there to trade” (pg. 270) Explanation: • Chang’an was a great city because it was a destination for many different traders around the world. According to our text, “Turks, Indians, Persians, Koreans, Jews and other visitors filled its streets and markets” (pg.270).

16. Guided Practice • Analysis: The Tang and Song brought stable government back to China • Complete Textual Evidence and Explanation #1 • When finished: • Raise hand and wait to receive a star • Move to INDEPENDENT PRACTICEINDEPENDENT PRACTICE:Complete Textual Evidence and Explanation #2 and 3