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The Vietnam War: A Struggle for Independence and Its Aftermath

The Vietnam War was a complex conflict rooted in Vietnam's fight for independence against colonial powers and the spread of communism. Starting with the struggle against French colonial rule, it escalated into a significant conflict involving the U.S. backing anti-communist South Vietnam. The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incident intensified U.S. involvement, leading to the infamous Tet Offensive in 1968. The war's end in 1973 sparked protests, a turbulent home front, and ultimately, Vietnam's unification under communist rule. The legacy includes the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, honoring those who served.

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The Vietnam War: A Struggle for Independence and Its Aftermath

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  1. Vietnam War ch25

  2. Vietnam

  3. Rule of ‘Nam • 1800’2  WWII France • WWII Japan • WWII  1954 France

  4. Ho Chi Minh • Communist Revolutionary • Fought to free Vietnam before WWII against France • Fought Japanese in WWII • Wanted to make Vietnam an Independent Communist country

  5. Guerilla Warfare • North Vietnamese & Vietcong used against France and later US • Vietnam was largely jungle territory • War fighters used traps, the terrain, & blended in to the civilian population • Made it difficult to know who you were fighting against

  6. French Fall • 1954 French pulled out of Vietnam • Vietnam was temporarily split in half at the 17th parallel • North was Communist, South was Anti-Communist • US stepped in and backed the South • Vietnam War was fought to stop the spread of Communism

  7. Escalation • In the early 1960’s the US was sending thousands of “military advisors” to aid the South Vietnamese • US backed South • JFK was killed in 1963, leaving LBJ to deal with ‘Nam • In 1964 Vietnamese torpedoed US ships in the Gulf of Tonkin • (those US ships were aiding the South’s military actions) • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution gave LBJ war powers • LBJ expanded US in Vietnam with Operation Rolling Thunder • (hence the movie called “Tropic Thunder”)

  8. War • US fought limited war  stop spread of Communism • Had to identify enemy before they could fight • Guerilla Warfare • Vietcong & North Vietnamese fought on their own soil • Had more to fight for • US casualties grew from 65  68 and peaked in 1968

  9. War • War peaked in 1968 with the Tet Offensive • Tet Offensive: Vietcong attacked basically every US base in Vietnam, US was driven back, recovered weeks later and drove out Vietcong • After Tet US found that Vietcong had executed thousands of civilians • North Vietnamese were noted for having terrorized and slaughtered their own people in the North

  10. Tet Offensive

  11. Draft • US implemented a draft during ‘Nam • Later into the war the draft became a Lottery • Lottery is when people were given a number and had to go fight when their number was called • Many people fled to Canada to avoid going to war, or just refused to serve and went to jail • Others were not passed medically, but most went • Draft caused a lot of uproar in society

  12. Protest • Vietnam war took place during the 60’s & 70’s which was a time of great cultural unrest • Hippie movement, Women’s liberation, Civil Rights movement– everybody had a “cause” • Vietnam was also the first “televised war” –for the first time people actually saw the atrocities of war • 1963- Buddhist monk set himself on fire to protest S. Vietnam Government • 1967-young men burned Draft Cards • 1970- Kent State Massacre • Tons of smaller protests

  13. Kent State

  14. Burning Monk

  15. Draft Cards

  16. Nixon & ‘Nam • Nixon was elected in 1968 after LBJ • Promised to end the Vietnam War • Re-elected in 1972 • Ended war in 1973 • Resigned after Watergate in 1974

  17. End of the War • December 1972 US bombed North Vietnam for 12 days straight • Only pause in bombing was Christmas  became known as the “Christmas Bombing” • January 1973 (1 month later) Agreement was signed to end the war • 1975 North invaded South  South fell under Communist rule

  18. POW/MIA • Many troops either went missing or were taken prisoner • Captured POW’s often lived through terrible treatment • After war the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was built • Long wall of names

  19. POW/MIA • http://vnafmamn.com/vietnam_POWstory.html

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