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TOBACCO AND RESPIRATORY CANCERS

TOBACCO AND RESPIRATORY CANCERS. Mini Lecture 2 Module: Tobacco Effects and Neoplasia. Objectives of the Mini Lecture. GOAL OF MODULE: Provide students with knowledge about the development of cancers in the body as a result of tobacco use. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Students will be able to:

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TOBACCO AND RESPIRATORY CANCERS

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  1. TOBACCO AND RESPIRATORY CANCERS Mini Lecture 2 Module:Tobacco Effects and Neoplasia

  2. Objectives of the Mini Lecture GOAL OF MODULE: Provide students with knowledge about the development of cancers in the body as a result of tobacco use. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Students will be able to: • Understand the different carcinogens in cigarette smoke and mechanism of carcinogenesis. • Explain the mechanism by which smoking causes lung cancer. • Appreciate how tobacco is a risk factor for digestive cancers and urogenital cancer. • Understand the importance of cessation with cancer diagnosis and the adverse effects of smoking on cancer management.

  3. Contents Core Slides Optional Slides Lung Cancer Mechanism • Which Cancers Occur at a Higher Rate in Smokers? • Smoking and Lung Cancer • Tobacco and Asbestos • SHS and Lung Cancer • Smoking Reduction Reduces Risk • Cessation and Lung Cancer

  4. CORE SLIDES Tobacco and Respiratory Cancers Mini-Lecture 2 Module:Tobacco Effects and Neoplasia

  5. Which Cancers Occur at aHigher Rate in Smokers? Directly linked to the action of carcinogens in smoke: • Bronchial cancer • Oral cancer • Cancer of the larynx The incidence of the following cancers is increased significantly in smokers: • Cancer of the esophagus • Cancer of the bladder • Cancer of the cervix • Cancer of the kidney • Pancreatic cancer 1. Vineis et al. 2004

  6. Smoking and Lung Cancer • 30% of all cancer deaths and up to 90% of all lung cancer deaths are attributable to cigarette smoking.1 • The development of lung cancer is directly related to • number of cigarettes smoked • length of smoking history • tar and nicotine content of the cigarettes. • Lung cancer is highest among current smokers and lowest among nonsmokers.2 www.upstate.edu/cdb/grossanat/thoraxpath8.php 1. Quit-Smoking-Stop.com 2011; 2. Tan et al. 2008

  7. Tobacco and Asbestos • Asbestos exposure is strongly associated with lung cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma, and pulmonary fibrosis. • Lung cancer risk increased by as much as 5 times. • Tobacco smoke and asbestos exposure act synergistically.1 http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/313/7057/615/F28 1. Veys 1996

  8. Secondhand Smokeand Lung Cancer Second hand smoke (SHS) is a risk factor for: • Lung cancer • Other respiratory diseases • Cancer of pharynx and larynx • Deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseor emphysema, particularly in ex-smokers.1 1. Vineis et al. 2005

  9. Smoking Reduction Reduces Risk • Among individuals who smoke 20 or more cigarettes per day, smoking reduction by 50% significantly reduces the risk of lung cancer.1 • Smoking cessation is beneficial at any age,with much greater benefits in reducing lung cancer risk accruing to those quitting at youngerages.2 • Whatever the age of the patient, doctors should always advise smokers to quit. 1. Godtfredsen et al. 2005; 2.Halpern et al. 1993

  10. Cessation and Lung Cancer • The risk of lung cancer declines slowly after smoking cessation, so the earlier the quit the better. • Long-term follow-up studies show that the relative risk of lung cancer remains high in the first 10 years after cessation.1 1. Tan et al. 2008

  11. OPTIONAL SLIDES Tobacco and Respiratory Cancers Mini-Lecture 2 Module:Tobacco Effects and Neoplasia

  12. Lung Cancer Mechanism 1. Hecht 1999

  13. The most important health message a doctor can give to patients is to quit smoking.

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